From: Viktor Lowenfeld. Creative and Mental Growth , 4th ed.
"We Are Playing on the Playground" by girl age 8.
page 175.
Is the schema for a running girl different than
a standing girl? Is the circle from experience or from visual perception?
See reserve in library to see a copy of the book by Lowenfeld.
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Lowenfelds Stages
ages & stages |
Marianne S. Kerlavages
Stages from our text, Creating Meaning Through Art, Chapter 2, Stages |
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| Characteristics of Scribbles | Color Usage | How to Motivate | Good Materials to Use |
| Disordered | Not consciously used | Encouragement |
Large black crayons
Poster paint Clay |
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Longitudinal
Circular |
Do not discourage from scribbling | ||
| Naming | Color used to distinguish different meanings of scribbles | Continue child's story to encourage thinking |
Colored crayons
Poster paint Clay Markers |
| What does it look like? | Human Figure | Space |
Use of
Color |
Design | How to Motivate | What Materials? | |
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Shows a drawing is based on
thinking.
Searching for symbols - lots of changes |
Circular head.
Lines for legs and arms. Symbol depends on active knowledge while working. |
Self as center
No orderly arrangement "There is . . . . ." Emotional use. "This is my doll." |
Arbitrary
Emotional |
Only intui-tive |
Use topics about self.
Make passive active. Body parts |
Crayons
Clay Thick tempera paint Large bristle brush Large paper |
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Schematic - Symbol Making 7-9
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Material |
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Definite concept of people etc
Repetition Schema is rigid Experience shows deviations |
Same figure repeated
Experience shown - with exaggeration - with omission - change of parts |
Base line
Sky line Fold over Mixed views X-ray |
Relate color to object in repeated
way
Change color if experience dictates |
Not conscious use of design |
Use we, action, where
Time sequence (travel, stories) Inside-Outside for X-ray (school, home, etc.) |
Crayons
Colored Chalk Tempera Bristle brush Clay for synthetic and analytic |
| Typical | Human | Space | Color | Design | Topics | Material | |
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Gang age
Less cooperative with adults More aware of self and gender |
Cloths
Uniforms Hair Gender More realistic lines |
Plane
Over-lap-ping |
Emotional use of
color.
Color used based on experience |
ComposePictures
Aware of qualities of material
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Special careers, activities,
for dresses, suits, etc
Group work Objective cooperation (doing it) Subjective cooperation (about doing it) |
Cut Paper
Tempera Crayons Mural chalks Clay Paper mache Wood Metal Print-making |
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Tendency toward visual or non-visual (haptic)
Urge to show 3-dimensional illusion (visual)
Color to show distance (visual type)
Color used to show emotion, meaning (non-visual)
Size and elements seen as spectator (visual)
Size and elements seen as participant (non-visual)
Lessons: Sketching, aesthetic interpretation, balance, rhythm, observation (visual)
Topics: Emotional design, abstract expressive, functional (non-visual)
All materials
Illustration showed "Moses Strikes the Rock" from Lowenfeld. Showed
as participant non-visual and spectator visual.