Undergraduate courses

All courses by category

Accounting courses

ACC 200 Principles of Accounting 3
This course will introduce students to the fundamental concepts of financial and managerial accounting. Emphasis is placed on learning and applying the basic accounting framework through the full accounting cycle, preparation of financial statements, cost behavior, and profitability analysis.

ACC 209 Field Experience 3 (1-3)
Work experience in, or student observation of, a business enterprise or problem. Each student's project is individually arranged with the instructor and must be approved prior to enrolling in this course. The course is designed to integrate and apply theoretical learning with experience. Students enrolling in this course must be an accounting major or minor and must have completed at least 12 hours of accounting program requirements. This course is repeatable.

ACC 210 Accounting Information Systems 3
Utilize an accounting system using a popular business software package. Gain understanding of internal control systems and organizational relationships with utilization of a computerized business system. Concentrates on the transaction cycles of cash receipts, cash disbursements, purchasing, sales, inventory control and management reporting. Prerequisite: Acc 200.

ACC 301 Cost Accounting 3
A study of how accounting information is used and communicated by managers to plan, control and evaluate decisions. Primary topics include costing systems, profitability analysis, variance analysis, cost-allocation issues, budgeting, and pricing decisions. Case studies are used extensively in this course. Prerequisites: Acc 200 and Bus 220.

ACC 302 Intermediate Accounting I 3
Development of accounting theory and practice by critically analyzing each element of the financial statement. Concentration on a conceptual approach to accounting information and reporting. Courses must be taken in sequence. Prerequisite: Acc 210.

ACC 303 Intermediate Accounting II 3
Development of accounting theory and practice by critically analyzing each element of the financial statement. Concentration on a conceptual approach to accounting information and reporting. Courses must be taken in sequence. Prerequisite: Acc 302.

ACC 304 Individual Income Taxation 3
A comprehensive study of the current income tax laws as they apply to individuals and sole-proprietorships. Emphasis is placed on applying the tax laws for tax return preparation. Students are also introduced to tax research and tax planning.

ACC 375 Topics: 3 (1-4)
Depth study on a selected topic in accounting. Intended to accommodate student interest and/or faculty expertise in specific accounting issues. Issues may vary from year to year.

ACC 400 Selected Readings 1 (1-4)
Special topics for majors and minors.

ACC 405 Auditing 3
Study of the attest function and the responsibility of a Certified Public Accountant as an independent auditor of financial information. Prerequisite: Acc 303.

ACC 409 Accounting Internship 3 (6-12)
This internship is a full-time position in a public accounting firm. Each student's internship is individually arranged and approved by the instructor prior to enrolling in the course. The experience is designed to integrate and apply theoretical learning with experience. Students must complete at least 24 hours of major requirements and be an accounting major prior to enrolling in this course. This course is repeatable.

ACC 434 Business Income Taxation 3
Study of the current tax laws applicable to C corporations, S corporations, partnerships and limited-liability companies. Students are introduced to basic tax preparation elements for these business entities including completion of basic book to tax reconciliations and selected tax forms. Prerequisite: Acc 303.

Art courses

ART 101 Drawing 3
Fundamentals of drawing and visual composition as applied to pictorial organization. Emphasis placed on rendering skills -- the use of line, value and perspective -- balanced by expressive approaches using a variety of media. Encouraged as a first course in art.

ART 107 Foundations of Design 3
A beginning course focusing on art elements and principles. Through experimentation, exercises, specific problems and using basic media and techniques, the student becomes familiar with fundamental visual concepts. Studio experience, critique and some research/writing are included. Encouraged as a first course in art.

ART 108 Digital Design 3
This course in visual expression and communication will introduce students to relevant computer programs including Adobe InDesign, Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop. Through exercises, projects and critiques, students will learn both creative visual design and technical aspects of computer-generated images and composition.

ART 201 Art and the Sacred 3
How does visual art reinforce, expand or contradict our ideas of what is sacred? In this course, students will strengthen their skills in interpreting visual art. They will look for parallel and divergent structures and understandings in theology, literature, theater, and music. An Artistic World course in the Goshen Core.

ART 202 Painting 3
An introductory course in acrylic painting emphasizing technique, color theory, and composition. Skill and control are developed through numerous studio activities.

ART 203 Watercolor 3
An introductory course in watercolor painting emphasizing technique, color theory, and composition. Skill and control of the medium are developed through numerous studio activities.

ART 204 Ceramics 3
In the first term, students use a variety of methods to create forms in clay, including hand building and the potter's wheel. Both sculptural and functional forms, glazing and firing are learned.

ART 205 Figure Drawing 3
Focus on the human body using a variety of drawing media. Course emphasizes a visual understanding of anatomy through both rendering and expressive approaches. Prerequisite: Art 101.

ART 206 Sculpture 3
Exploration of sculpture media and techniques. Includes verbal interpretation and research of sculptors.

ART 207 Printmaking 3
An introductory course in relief and intaglio-type printing techniques. Skill and control of the media are developed through numerous studio activities.

ART 208 Typography 3
Students are introduced to the elements and principles of graphic design/visual communication. Emphasis will be placed on the aesthetic use of typography and image in the development of projects in publication, poster and advertising design. This course will also provide an historical overview of the influences and movements in the field of typography. Prerequisite: Art 108.

ART 211 Making the Spiritual Physical 3
What does religious art and architecture tell us about the theology and worldview of its creators? This class is a comparison study of world religions and how believers express what is spiritual and sacred through what they make. Examining religious objects and imagery allows us to understand, appreciate, and gain new perspectives on the faith of others as well as our own.

ART 217 Jewelry 3
Three-dimensional design in metals including basic fabrication techniques, silver soldering, cold connections, working with found materials, surface treatments, and finishing. Includes study of historical and contemporary jewelry and metalwork.

ART 241 History of Art I 3
Historical survey of art from prehistory to Gothic and non-Western art. Lecture. Offered alternate years with Art 242.

ART 242 History of Art II 3
Historical survey of art from the Renaissance to the mid-20th century. Lecture. Offered alternate years with Art 241.

ART 255 Photography 3
(Cross-listed from Comm 255) A first course including camera work, digital image workflow and printing. Technical fluency, visual composition, photojournalistic approaches, and expression are components of the course. Students must provide a digital camera on which f-stop and shutter speed can be controlled.

ART 302 Painting II 3
Course emphasizes individual investigation of subject matter, style, and techniques leading to personal and unique expressions using acrylic or watercolor paint. Prerequisite: Art 202 or 203.

ART 304 Ceramics II 3
Second-term students continue skill and concept development. More advanced work in glazes and firing is also required. Prerequisite: Art 204.

ART 305 Drawing II 3 (1-3)
Course emphasizes individual investigation of subject matter, style, and techniques leading to personal and unique expressions using drawing media. Prerequisite: Art 101 and 205.

ART 306 Sculpture II 3 (1-3)
Exploration of sculpture media and techniques. Includes verbal interpretation and research of sculptors. Prerequisite: Art 206.

ART 307 Printmaking II 3 (1-3)
Course emphasizes individual investigation of subject matter, style, and techniques leading to personal and unique expressions using printmaking. Prerequisite: Art 207.

ART 308 Graphic Design 3
Emphasis will be placed on corporate design. Students will explore logo design and carry the visual through to stationery, graphic standards manual, and various other marketing projects. Production standards for layouts, inks and paper, printing processes, and color theory will also be studied. Prerequisite: Art 208 or consent of instructor.

ART 312 Teaching Visual Arts 3 (3-4)
A methods course introducing the issues, concepts, philosophy and content of teaching art for art education students (K-12) or others with an interest in teaching art in other settings. Emphasis on curriculum and lesson planning, reading in art education, art classroom management and evaluation. Includes elementary field work. All art majors strongly encouraged to take this course. Visual art education majors must take it for 4 credits; others may take it for 3 credits.

ART 315 Photography II 3
The study of photography as an expressive art form. Includes further study in artistic, technical, and/or commercial areas of photo imaging. Prerequisite: Comm/Art 255.

ART 317 Jewelry II 3 (1-3)
Three-dimensional design in metals that builds on techniques learned in Art 217, with a focus on continued development of design and construction skills and further technical instruction in advanced jewelry forms. Includes study of historical and contemporary jewelry and metalwork. Prerequisite: Art 217.

ART 330 Media Workshop: 3
A course that explores in depth a single medium or process such as enameling, metal casting, raku, bookmaking, papermaking, weaving, kiln building, silk screen and airbrush. Prerequisite: Art 202 or 204.

ART 343 Contemporary Art History 3
A survey of major art movements, architecture and artists since the mid-20th century. Offered every other year.

ART 355 Arts in London 4
(Cross-listed from Thea 355) A May term class that encompasses theater, art and music study and experiences in London, England. Class activities include morning lectures, visits to art galleries, attending music and theater performances, and day trips to Coventry, Stratford-upon-Avon, Salisbury and other locations. Daily writing assignments and a major project required. SST alternate course. Offered in alternate years. Extra cost.

ART 375 Animation 3
(Cross-listed from Comm 375) Focuses on digital animation. Students will learn the skills needed to bring characters to life as well as create visual effects using computer software. Issues in the international contemporary visual culture will also be studied. Prerequisite: ART 108.

ART 402 Advanced Painting 3 (1-3)
Course emphasizes individual investigation of subject matter, style, and techniques to develop a personal body of artwork using acrylic or watercolor paint. Prerequisite: Art 101 and 302.

ART 403 Advanced Watercolor 3 (1-3)
Emphasizes independent investigation leading to personal expressions. Prerequisite: Art 303 and Art 101.

ART 404 Advanced Ceramics 3 (1-3)
Advanced students develop personal styles. Prerequisite: Art 304 and Art 101.

ART 405 Advanced Drawing 3 (1-3)
Course emphasizes individual investigation of subject matter, style, and techniques to develop a personal body of artwork using drawing media. Prerequisite: Art 305.

ART 406 Advanced Sculpture 3 (1-3)
Exploration of sculpture media and techniques. Includes verbal interpretation and research of sculptors. Prerequisite: Art 306 and Art 101.

ART 407 Advanced Printmaking 3 (1-3)
Course emphasizes individual investigation of subject matter, style, and techniques to develop a personal body of artwork using printmaking. Prerequisite: Art 307 and Art 101.

ART 408 Advanced Graphic Design 3 (1-3)
This course expands on previous graphic design knowledge and skills. It emphasizes research and analysis throughout the design processes, leading to creative conceptualization and working design/communication solutions. Projects are chosen to help portfolio development. Prerequisite: Art 208 and ART 308.

ART 409 Internship 1
Supervised placement in an arts business or other organization that is relevant to the student's career interest. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. For art and graphic design majors only.

ART 410 Senior Seminar 3
Students will discuss practical, professional, and ethical dimensions of their Goshen College education. They will engage in a common reading experience, conduct a final project, interview professionals in their aspirational fields, and prepare a capstone portfolio that reflects designated learning outcomes. For art and graphic design majors only.

ART 411 Senior Exhibit 1
A senior exhibition emphasizing studio work in an area in which the student has specialized and developed a personal style. Course includes gallery installation, publicity and education relating to the exhibit. Prerequisite: Six hours in medium chosen for exhibit and consent of instructor. For art majors only.

ART 412 Special Projects 1 (1-3)
Independent self-directed work or apprenticeship at an advanced level beyond that which is offered in regular courses or an internship related to an art concentration area. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

ART 415 Advanced Photography 3 (2-3)
Students follow individualized plans of study to prepare work for exhibition, or web use, and to develop skills needed prior to a field assignment in commercial or journalistic photography. Prerequisite: Art 315 and Art 101.

ART 417 Advanced Jewelry 3 (1-3)
Three-dimensional design in metals that builds on techniques learned in Art 217 and 317, with a focus on development of design skills, independent problem solving skills, and further technical instruction in advanced jewelry forms or enameling. Incudes study of historical and contemporary jewelry and metalwork. Prerequisite: Art 317.

American Sign Language courses

ASL 101 American Sign Language 1 4
This course introduces novice level vocabulary as well as basic conversational competence and grammatical knowledge. The course introduces basic grammatical aspects including those unique to ASL. Culture and literature aspects are covered. Interaction with the Deaf community is required to enhance linguistic and cultural knowledge.

ASL 102 American Sign Language 2 4
This course emphasizes further development of comprehension and production skills using basic vocabulary, conversational competence and grammatical knowledge. Culture and literature aspects are covered. Interaction with the Deaf community is required to enhance linguistic and cultural knowledge. Prerequisite: ASL 101 or equivalent with consent of instructor.

ASL 103 ASL for SST 1 4
Emphasis on basic communication skills in the target language and culture. Only offered on SST. Prerequisite ASL 102 or equivalent.

ASL 104 Deaf Culture 3
This course introduces cultural identity, core values, group norms, communication, and language. Designed for students who may or may not have had any previous experience or exposure, this course will answer some of the most commonly asked questions about the Deaf community and culture. Views and perspectives of and from the Deaf community will be explored, along with the implications of cultural differences when the Deaf and hearing worlds overlap.

ASL 201 American Sign Language 3 4
This course continues development of comprehension and production skills using intermediate vocabulary, conversational competence and grammatical knowledge. Culture and literature aspects are covered. Interaction with the Deaf community is required to enhance linguistic and cultural knowledge. Prerequisite: ASL 102 or equivalent with consent of instructor.

ASL 202 American Sign Lang 4 4
This course continues development of comprehension and production skills using intermediate to advanced vocabulary, conversational competence and grammatical knowledge. Culture and literature aspects are covered. Interaction with the Deaf community is required to enhance linguistic and culture knowledge. Prerequisite: ASL 201 or equivalent with consent of instructor.

ASL 203 ASL for SST 2 4
Continuation of grammar practice with emphasis on ASL practice. Only offered on SST. Prerequisite:ASL 201 or equivalent.

ASL 300 Gallaudet Semester 12
A semester spent as a visiting student at Gallaudet University for Deaf Studies majors.

ASL 307 American Sign Language 5 4
This course emphasizes further development of comprehension and production skills using advanced vocabulary, discourse competence and grammatical knowledge. Culture and literature aspects are covered. Extensive interaction with the Deaf community is required to enhance linguistic and cultural knowledge. Prerequisite: ASL 202 or equivalent with consent of instructor.

ASL 320 Deaf History 3
The history and culture of the Signed Language communities and Deaf people are very rich and diverse. This course provides an overview of the education of the Deaf from prehistoric times to the present. Significant contributions made by Deaf people in North America will be analyzed. Current issues in the Deaf community will be discussed in both a historical context and from a Deaf perspective. Prerequisite: ASL 201 or consent of instructor.

ASL 409 ASL Internship 3
Deaf Studies majors in the non-licensure Education concentration will participate in a 3 credit internship. The internship integrates the knowledge, values and skills students have acquired over their years of study. Through the internship students are given the opportunity to work with Deaf children in an education or after school setting. The hands-on setting allows interns to experience the various tasks, situations and responsibilities a signing paraprofessional encounters. Deaf Studies minors will participate in a 1 credit internship. This internship is flexible and is intended to relate to a student's area of interest. It may include volunteering at a school, church, social services agency or other community agency that provides services for the Deaf community. Students may also design a special project in consultation with their advisor. Prerequisite: ASL 307, 320, Gallaudet semester. Corequisite: ASL 410.

ASL 410 Senior Seminar 1
Students reflect on their work within the Deaf community. Discussion will focus on the implications of language and cultural differences when the Deaf and hearing worlds overlap and the quality of services available for members of the Deaf community. A short capstone paper or project will describe the student's experience as well as their ideas and goals to improve services for the Deaf community. Coequisite: ASL 409 Internship or SOWK 321Social Service Field Exp.

Bible courses

BIBL 201 Elementary New Testament Greek 3
Basic vocabulary, verb structure and grammar of New Testament Greek; reading and translation in first chapters of the Gospel of John. Prerequisite: CORE 120.

BIBL 204 Hebrew Language and Culture 3
Students will work through a standard grammar of biblical Hebrew, building a working vocabulary of 600-800 words. Representative selections from the major genres of biblical Hebrew literature will be introduced. Attention will also be devoted to the cultural settings reflected in the texts. Offered alternating years with Bibl 201.

BIBL 300 Jesus and the Gospels 3
Study of the life and teachings of Jesus, focusing on the proclamation of the reign of God and Jesus' messianic identity as the Son of God. Examination of Jesus in his historical setting will be balanced with discussions of Jesus' call to discipleship and theological interpretations of the Gospels. Prerequisite: CORE 120 or consent of instructor. Bible and Religion majors are encouraged to add a one-hour depth credit.

BIBL 301 Hebrew Scripture: 3
Content of this course will alternate every other year with one of the following topics.
Prophets. A study of the important corpus of prophetic literature from the Hebrew Bible. Attention is given to historical, social, literary and theological features of the texts. Broad surveys of the prophetic writings will set the stage for close reading of selected oracles. Balancing the ethos of the Hebrew prophets with the demands these texts place on the contemporary audience keeps the Scriptural nature of this foundational material constantly in view.
Wisdom and Psalms. Alongside law, history and prophecy, the wisdom and poetry sections of biblical Hebrew writings give expression to the formative power of this significant literary, theological and social movement in ancient Israel. Primary attention will be given to the universal perspectives reflected in the books of Ecclesiastes, Proverbs and Job, with selective attention given to the wisdom corpus of the Apocrypha. Significant time will also be devoted to the laments, hymns, and pilgrimage songs of the book of Psalms. Prerequisite: CORE 120.

BIBL 309 Major Book 3
A study of a major biblical book as announced. Possible offerings include: Genesis, Gospel of John, Revelation of John. The course will examine the theology, major themes, literary structure and social world of the book being studied. It will introduce students to various methodological approaches to the book, current scholarship, as well as the place of the book within both the canon and contemporary religious thought. Prerequisite: CORE 120.

BIBL 321 Biblical Themes of Peace 3
A study of the themes and concepts that provide a biblical basis for nonretaliation and peace making. Particular attention is given to the nature of God's sovereignty, forgiveness versus vengeance and love of enemies. Prerequisite: CORE 120.

BIBL 324 Women in the Bible 3
An examination of the characterization of women in Old and New Testament narratives, their role in biblical societies and the early church and their representation in Judeo-Christian culture, particularly our contemporary culture. The course draws upon current research and exegetical strategies in Biblical studies. Prerequisite: CORE 120.

Biology courses

BIOL 115 Ecology and Evolution 4
An introductory course that examines fundamental principles related to the evolution of life on earth and the ecological relationships between living things and their environment. The course integrates ecological and evolutionary principles within field investigations that teach skills in research design and analysis. Offered every fall. Pre or corequisite: Quantitative literacy.

BIOL 120 Cell Biology and Genetics 4
An introductory course that explores the cell as a complex and dynamic system shaped by its environment and genetic legacy. Gene regulation and expression, cell signaling, and cell division will be discussed, as well as the ethics of manipulating the cell for human applications. Both classical and modern genetic technologies will be experienced in the laboratory. Offered every spring.

BIOL 130 Organismal Biology 4
An introductory course that integrates study of plant and animal forms to provide a broader understanding of the unity and diversity of life on earth. Students will gain insight into the basic principles of structure and function evident in complex life that indicate a common evolutionary history. This course will survey the physiological systems that govern life, with special emphasis on vascular plants and vertebrate animals (including humans). Offered every spring.

BIOL 155 Medical Terminology 1
Basic terminology required of the allied health professional regarding anatomy and physiology, pathology, special procedures, laboratory procedures, and pharmacology. Greek and Latin prefixes, suffixes, word roots, and combining forms for a medical vocabulary foundation. Medical symbols and abbreviations also included. Offered online in the fall semester.

BIOL 200 Zoology 4
A survey of representative animal groups from Protozoa through the Chordata. Includes anatomy, morphology, systematics, life histories and ecology. Three lectures, one three-hour lab. Prerequisite: Biol 130 or permission of instructor. Offered spring of even years.

BIOL 201 Botany 4
An introduction to the fundamental principles of plant biology, including structure, function, systematics, reproduction, and diversity. Three lectures and one three-hour lab. Prerequisite: Biol 130 or permission of instructor. Offered May term of even years at Merry Lea.

BIOL 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology I 4
A study of the organ systems of the human body, their gross and microscopic structure and their functions. Laboratory demonstrations and dissections. Three lectures, one three-hour lab. Prerequisite: one semester of college chemistry. Offered every spring.

BIOL 204 Human Anatomy & Physiology II 3
A study of the organ systems of the human body, their gross and microscopic structure and their functions. Laboratory demonstrations and dissections. Three lectures, one three-hour lab. With permission of the instructor, biology majors may take Biol 204 for two hours of lecture only. Prerequisite: Biol 203 and one semester of college chemistry. Offered every May term.

BIOL 205 Pollinators in Peril 3
What is causing a rapid decline in global pollinator populations? The answer is of immediate concern because many human crops are pollinated by bee, butterfly, bird, or bat species. Recent bee declines will be used as a model to understand the multiple forces impacting all pollinators. Labs will involve hands-on work with bee hives, in addition to field experiments. A Natural World course in the Goshen Core. Offered every fall.

BIOL 206 Microbiology 3
A general study of microorganisms and their relations to health and disease, with practical applications valuable to the nurse. Includes the characteristics and activities of microorganisms, procedures for sterilization and disinfection; methods of growing and studying organisms; and techniques of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. Three lectures, one two-hour lab. Prerequisite: one semester of college chemistry. Offered every fall.

BIOL 207 Roots of Environmental Crisis 3
What are the roots of the current climate crisis? Can religious, economic, cultural, political, and/or biological worldviews help us understand the challenges? The course will introduce concepts in systems thinking, which emphasize an interdisciplinary approach to addressing climate change. The course will center on giving students opportunities to propose restorative responses to environmental case studies. A Natural World course in the Goshen Core. Offered every spring.

BIOL 208 Geology, Meteorology & Climate Sci 4
An earth science introductory course that examines the earth's geological processes (earth's interior, tectonic activity, and surface geology including soil formation and erosion processes), meteorological patterns (atmospheric formation, weather dynamics, and seasons), and climate dynamics (paleoclimate, anthropogenic influences, and future predictions). Required for Life Science Education certification. Includes a weekly lab. Offered fall of even years.

BIOL 209 Field Experience 3 (1-3)
Practical experience in biology, typically in a relevant off-campus experience. Off-campus positions may include various types of work (employed or volunteer) in university, hospital or other medical, veterinary, agricultural and industrial facilities or nature centers and camps. Students are encouraged to develop their own ideas. Taken only as credit/no credit. Prerequisite: consent of advisor.

BIOL 210 Biology of the Sea 4
An introductory course that immerses students in exploring the ecology of the Florida Keys ecosystem. Suitable for non-majors. Biology majors should sign up for Biol 304. An off-campus course taught at the J.N. Roth Marine Biology station in Florida every May term. Prerequisite: application process and consent of instructor. Moderate extra cost.

BIOL 212 Empathic Animals 3
Explores conflict, violence and peace in human interaction with animal life. Perspectives from animal behavior, sociology, ethics, religion, agriculture, and conservation will illumine the precarious balance humanity faces in sustaining or exploiting lives that share this planet with us. A Natural World course in the Goshen Core.

BIOL 222 Soil Science 4
An introduction to the importance of soils in agricultural, ecological, and social systems. Topics include soil formation; physical, chemical, and biological properties; soil classification and mapping; soil productivity; and relationship between soil health and climate. Weekly labs will emphasize practical skills related to soil classification, physical and chemical measurements, and soil management. Offered May of odd years.

BIOL 232 Oceanography 3
An introduction to the physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes that structure ocean systems. Topics include biogeochemical cycling, ocean currents, global tectonics, waves, tides, coastal processes, primary productivity, and climate-ocean feedback systems. Attention will be given to understanding how human communities interact with oceans. Offered spring of even years.

BIOL 235 Geographic Information Systems 4
An applied introduction to the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, which allows analysis of complex data in spatial formats. During weekly labs, the course will emphasize hands-on projects that combine map-making with data analysis, to address questions in a variety of fields. The course is appropriate for students from many disciplines, including sociology, history, ecology, and environmental science. Offered fall of odd years.

BIOL 300 Microbial Biology 4
Study of the anatomy, physiology and ecology of microorganisms, particularly bacteria, protists, and viruses. Lab instruction will include techniques involved in isolating, culturing and quantifying microbial organisms found in soil, water, food, and the human body. Three lectures, one three-hour lab. Prerequisites: Biol 115, 120, and 130. Offered spring of odd years.

BIOL 302 Developmental Biology 4
Principles of developmental biology with the study of developing systems in both vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms as a focus. Material covers a range of topics including classic embryology, developmental genetics, cancer and aging. Three lectures and one lab per week. Prerequisite: Biol 115, 120 and 130. Offered fall of odd years.

BIOL 303 Vertebrate Physiology 4
A concentrated study of the principles of vertebrate physiology. Material covered includes various topics of significance in the biomedical field, such as cellular, nervous, muscular and cardiovascular physiology. Laboratory activities will cover the same topics. Three lectures and one laboratory session per week. Prerequisites: Biol 115, 120, and 130 or Biol 203, 204. Offered fall of even years.

BIOL 304 Marine Biology 4
An intensive field-based class that explores the marine ecology of the Florida Keys. Includes a comprehensive collaborative field research project. An off-campus course taught at the J. N. Roth Marine Biology station in Florida every May term. Prerequisites: Biol 115, application process and the registrar will complete registration. Moderate extra cost.

BIOL 308 General Entomology 4
A general study of insect structure, development, classification, and behavior. Laboratory sessions particularly directed at how to catch, identify, and care for insects. Creation of a personal insect collection and insect farming included. Lectures and labs at Merry Lea Environmental Learning Center. Prerequisite: BIOL 115. BIOL 200 strongly recommended. Offered May term of odd years.

BIOL 311 Advanced Molecular Genetics 4
The study of modern biotechnology, genes, and genomes. Gene expression and cell physiology will be explored. Genetic tools that diagnose human disease and determine levels of gene flow in populations will be utilized. Topics of interest include linkage analysis, cancer genetics, microarrays, genomic imprinting, DNA fingerprinting, and genome sequencing. Labs include DNA cloning, RNA isolation, protein manipulation, ELISA, and blotting. Prerequisite: Biol 120. Offered spring of odd years.

BIOL 319 Human Pathophysiology 3
An introductory study of the biology of human diseases. Examines causes of disease and bodily response processes. A survey of both disorders that affect the body as a whole and disease of individual organs will be conducted. Intended for students in allied health professions. Prerequisite: Biol 203, 204 or consent of instructor. Offered every spring.

BIOL 324 Restoration Ecology 4
This course applies ecological paradigms toward restoration of degraded and damaged systems. Field components at Merry Lea Environmental Learning Center will allow students to gain experience in a variety of restoration techniques relevant to prairie, wetland, and forest habitats. Team-taught by professors with interests in merging theoretical ecology with practical ecological restoration. Prerequisite: Biol 115. Offered every fall.

BIOL 331 Junior Research Seminar 2
A weekly seminar focusing on scientific inquiry skills such as reviewing the literature, forming research questions, designing experiments, analyzing data, and writing scientific papers. Students will gain approval for a research project to be completed by the end of the senior year, in collaboration with a faculty member. Students will register for a section focused in their area of interest (ecology, microbiology, zoology, physiology, or geology.) Pre-requisite: junior standing. Offered every semester.

BIOL 334 Marine Ecology 5
A field course taught as part of the Marine Biology Semester designed to introduce students to important ecological processes operating in coastal marine environments. The course covers synthetic topics as well as the ecology of specific marine habitats. The laboratory is designed to provide students with experience in marine research and the organisms and ecological conditions common in various marine habitats visited by the class. Offered every fall as part of the Marine Biology Semester. Prerequisites: Biol 304, application process and the registrar will complete registration.

BIOL 335 Natural Resources Seminar 1
A broad survey course that investigates policies regulating natural resources. The class covers the rationale, content, process and origins of contemporary state, tribal, federal and international resource policies. Offered spring of odd years.

BIOL 341 Advanced Cell Biology 4
Explores eukaryotic cell physiology at the molecular level. Intracellular transport, cell communication, the cell cycle, cytoskeleton function, and tissue formation will be addressed. Laboratory experiences will include microscopy, chromatography, protein purification, and cell culture techniques. Prerequisite: Biol 120. Offered spring of even years.

BIOL 344 Marine Conservation 5
A field course taught as part of the Marine Biology Semester designed to explore the applied science behind maintaining marine biodiversity and the management of marine resources. The course introduces students to the interdisciplinary science of conservation, a mission-driven field that utilizes science to manage earths biodiversity. Students will learn how the scientific process can be used to inform conservation strategies by analyzing raw data before making management-based decisions. Topics will include over-fishing, habitat degradation, habitat loss, climate change, and more.

BIOL 345 Forest Resources 4
Study of the function, value and use of forest resources, including management of forests for harvest, water quality, biodiversity, aesthetics and recreation. Significant time spent in the field at forestland sites. Prerequisite: Biol 115. Offered fall of even years.

BIOL 350 Ornithology 4
Natural history, taxonomy, and conservation of birds. Includes much work on visual and aural identification of birds in the field. Taught during the May term at Merry Lea Environmental Learning Center. Prerequisite: Biol 115. Offered May term.

BIOL 375 Topics in Biology: 4 (1-4)
Classroom and/or laboratory study in a major area of biology not covered by regular courses. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

BIOL 400 Biology Research 1 (1-4)
On-campus participation in a research project. Prerequisite: consent of faculty supervisor. Offered every semester.

BIOL 409 Biology Internship 3 (0-3)
Practical experience in biology including professional levels of responsibility. Activities may be similar to those described for Biol 209, but with a higher degree of independent responsibility in the experience, as would be appropriate for a traditional apprenticeship. Students are encouraged to develop their own ideas. Taken only as credit/no credit. Prerequisite: consent of advisor. Offered every semester.

BIOL 410 Biology Senior Seminar 1
A weekly seminar focused on completing the capstone senior research project. Topics will include data analysis, research writing, communicating project results to the wider community, and the interdisciplinary nature of biological science. Led by all department faculty members. Prerequisite: Biol 331. Offered every semester.

Business courses

BUS 121 Entrepreneurship 3
The best way to learn about entrepreneurship is to do entrepreneurship. This course combines stories of success and failure in entrepreneurship, exploration of each student's aptitude for entrepreneurship, cultivation of new ideas, and practice with starting new ventures. Design thinking, business model canvas, and customer discovery concepts are foundations for the experiential learning in this course.

BUS 155 The Organization of Business 3
Introduces students to the key functional areas of business including management, finance, accounting, marketing, production, information technology, and human capital. Students will understand how these functions exist in a changing society and impact organizational decision-making. This course will also introduce students to the many career opportunities in business.

BUS 190 Personal Finance 3
Designed to introduce students to the basics of personal finance. A survey course of personal and family financial planning with an emphasis on financial recordkeeping, planning your spending, tax planning, consumer credit, making buying decisions, purchasing insurance, selecting investments and retirement and estate planning. Meets the Quantitative Literacy requirement in the Core.

BUS 203 Learning to Lead 1
The focus of this course is to examine leadership characteristics, qualities, skills & styles, and to explore leadership responses to various types of challenges. Students will create a personal action plan to develop their own leadership potential. The course utilizes the DiSC personality assessment (which students will take online), together with the book, The 8 Dimensions of Leadership: DiSC Strategies for Becoming a Better Leader. The course uses a variety of student-oriented case studies that illustrate some of the challenges and requirements of leadership. The course is appropriate for students from all majors.

BUS 206 Adventures in Business 1
Designed to provide students with an initial framework and context for understanding how businesses operate and compete in their respective industries. This course is an overview of business, how it is organized, and how the various components of an organization work together to create value for the firm's customers. This course gets students out of the classroom to meet professionals that are leading and operating many different kinds of organizations and introduces students to the many professional roles and career paths in business. This course is most appropriate for accounting, business, information technology, marketing, and sustainability management majors. Prerequisite: BUS 155

BUS 209 Field Experience 3 (1-3)
Students enrolling in this course must be an accounting, business,information technology, marketing, or sustainability major or minor or an entrepreneurship minor and must have completed at least 6 hours of program requirements.

BUS 220 Spreadsheet Skills 3
This course provides students with the basic and intermediate spreadsheet skills expected by employers. Students will learn basic functions, chart creation, data analysis and representation, and tools commonly used organizations.

BUS 244 Consumer Behavior &Customer Journey 3
This course explores consumer behavior, from determining consumer needs and wants, the process by which they are satisfied, and the environment in which the behavior occurs. Concepts and theories developed in psychology, economics, and sociology will be applied to the customer's journey to purchase.

BUS 282 Business Analytics 3
In this course students will develop the skills necessaryto transform data to information that is easily communicated and drives decision-making in organizations. This course will combine a student's knowledge of business with data and statistics, learning to use a variety of tools for data analysis and data visualization, with a primary focus on Microsoft Excel. Prerequisite: Bus 220 or COSC 266

BUS 307 Career Planning 1
The course will provide a framework within which to appraise career options, set goals and implement a plan to reach goals. Topics include self-appraisal, resumes, developing a job-search strategy, interviewing for jobs, choosing the first job and graduate-school opportunities. This course is designed for juniors and seniors. Prerequisite: Bus 155.

BUS 309 Job-Connected Applied Learning 3
This course is a combination of an employment experience during the semester with content learned in academic courses. The integration of content knowledge with a concurrent employment experience acknowledges that students are developing knowledge and skills in a workplace that align with content being learned in academic courses. Students will explore a variety of topics (i.e. management styles, organizational culture, customer target markets, business process innovation, employee performance evaluation, etc.) in the context of their own employment. This course is available to juniors and seniors with a major in the business department. Prerequisites: Bus 155 and Bus 206.

BUS 310 Business Law 3
Survey of legal principles. Topics include liability, contracts, sales and negotiable instruments; also, secured transactions, agency, partnerships, corporations and antitrust.

BUS 312 Supply Chain Management 3
This course focuses on the role of the supply chain in creating customer value and competitive advantage. It examines the core operations that make up the supply chain and explores some of the strategies and challenges in managing todays global supply chains. Visits to several local firms allow students to see different approaches to managing this essential process of value creation. Prerequisite: BUS 155

BUS 315 Human Capital Management 3
Human capital management is a central function of any organization. Managers and employees play an integral role in carrying out human resource policies and practices in their organization. In this course students will think systematically and strategically about aspects of managing the organization's human assets. Topics will include ethics, diversity, equity, and inclusion, HR law, and the future of work. Prerequisite: Bus 155.

BUS 316 Marketing Management 3
The nature of marketing in our society; how organizations develop marketing strategies that enable them to meet their objectives and the needs of their customers through adequate marketing mixes; the relationship of marketing to other management functions; marketing activities at the domestic and international levels. Prerequisite: BUS 244

BUS 317 Financial Management 3
Introduces students to the primary elements of organizational finance such as time value of money, stock and bond valuation, financial analysis, working capital management, capital budgeting and dividend policy. Prerequisite: Acc 200.

BUS 318 Operations Management 3
Decision-making and analysis of production and service delivery challenges in areas of plant location, facilities design, process strategy, production planning and control, supply chain, inventory management, performance measurement, and quality control. Special attention is also given to the study of lean manufacturing and the impact of corporate culture on operations strategies and performances. Prerequisite: BUS 155.

BUS 320 Marketing Research & Analytics 3
A comprehensive overview of the nature and scope of marketing research and its role in decision support systems. Course focuses on the practical aspects of marketing research and provides a framework for conducting quantitative and qualitative research. Prerequisites: Bus 282 and Bus 244.

BUS 322 Organizational Communication 3
(Cross-listed from Comm 322) An exploration of communication within organizations, as well as communication between organizations and the larger society. Topics include theories of communication and organizational structure; examination of power, culture, and conflict in organizations; and analysis of verbal and nonverbal messages in interpersonal, small-group and public settings. Assignments will assist students in developing skills in listening, analysis, speaking and writing. Prerequisite: Comm 240 or Bus 244.

BUS 325 Bus Strategies for Sustainability 3
Students will examine how businesses develop a competitive advantage through the integration of sustainability and strategy, insulating themselves from risks in an ever changing global environment. This course will go beyond the triple bottom line to dig into specific topics like biomimicry and radical waste reduction strategies. Multiple trips to relevant business and industrial sites around the region will bring in-class topics into sharper focus as students see what actual strategy application looks like. Prerequisite: 9 credit hours of ACC, BUS, ECON and/or SUST courses.

BUS 332 Investments 3
In this course students will learn how to research, formulate and implement investment plans through portfolios constructed and monitored by students. Analytical frameworks and investment strategies that target chosen objectives will be established and then implemented using a simulation program linked to online stock markets. A shorter version of this course is offered with the name Opening Bell, for one credit hour.

BUS 335 Sustainability Reporting 3
This course focuses on an environmental, social, and governance reporting framework for organizations. Students will learn to identify, measure, evaluate, and communicate sustainability issues that are likely to affect the financial condition and operating performance of an organization. Prerequisite: Acc 200 or Sust 201, or Econ 309.

BUS 338 Professional Selling 3
An introduction to the dynamic world of selling. A pragmatic approach to the techniques and skills used by professional sales persons. Includes role playing and the development of a sales presentation. Prerequisite: Bus 155.

BUS 343 Brand, Identity, and Design 3
Brands are a central organizing principle of successful organizations, guiding decisions and actions. Students will understand the value of a brand in a marketing and business environment, and how to build, manage, and protect a brand. Prerequisite: Bus 316

BUS 344 Digital & Social Media Marketing 3
This course will introduce students to the importance of social media marketing, electronic commerce, digital advertising, and digital media. Students will understand the fundamentals, strategic roles, practices, and ethical issues. Students will develop skillsets that are required in using web and social media platforms to problem solve, create strategies, and complete tasks within digital marketing. Real-world marketing projects, including tactical roles situations, methods, ethics, and procedures will be part of the learning experience. Prerequisite: Bus 244

BUS 350 International Business 3
International business is the field of study that focuses on business activities that cross national boundaries. It includes exports and imports - the subject of traditional international trade discussions - as well as foreign direct investment, international banking, the international transfer of technology and global business strategy. The cultural environment of international business is considered in some detail. The course presents the important activities of an international firm and a framework for analysis from a manager's perspective. Case studies are used in the course. Prerequisites: Bus 155 and Econ 200.

BUS 360 Java Junction Operations 3
Gives students the opportunity to operate and manage a real business. Java Junction, a coffee shop located in the KMY Connector, is completely student-run and student-managed. Students, under the supervision of a business faculty member, have full responsibility for all management and operating decisions. The team reports regularly to an Advisory Board who serves as Java Junction's Board of Directors. Entrepreneurial students and those energized by experiential learning are encouraged to sign up. This course is repeatable.

BUS 370 Business Process Innovation 3
In this course students will learn about core processes, support processes, and management processes. With each of these processes students will also learn where humans add value and where technology adds value for the customer. The majority of class time will take place at business organizations. At these site visits, students will learn about the successes and struggles of managing changes in specific processes, allowing students to apply what is being learned in the classroom. This course is available to juniors and seniors with a major in the business department. Prerequisites: Bus 155 and Bus 206.

BUS 375 Topics: 3 (1-4)
Depth study on a selected topic in business. Intended to accommodate student interest and/or faculty expertise in specific business issues. Issues may vary from year to year and includes international trips during May term.

BUS 381 Opening Bell: Intro to Investing 1
This course utilizes an online stock trading simulation to help demonstrate the basic concepts and techniques of personal investing. Students will create their own personal portfolios of stocks, bonds, and mutual funds and make investing decisions that will impact the value of their portfolio over the course of the semester. It is a fun and painless way for students to gain investing confidence and learn valuable lessons about how the financial markets work and how they can secure a positive outcome for their real investments in the future. This course is offered every other year.

BUS 400 Selected Readings 1 (1-4)
Special topics for majors and minors.

BUS 401 Integrated Marketing & Communicatio 3
This course will examine the process by which integrated marketing communications (IMC) programs are planned, developed, executed, and measured. Emphasis is placed on building strategies for effective marketing campaigns. IMC requires an understanding of the marketing process, communications theory and processes, marketing communications tools, consumer behavior, organizational structures and operations. This course is intended for students who have completed significant work in their major, including at least two upper-level marketing-focused courses in addition to the stated prerequisites. Prerequisite: Bus 244 and Bus 316

BUS 402 Applied Entrepreneurship 1 (1-3)
This course is designed to provide an opportunity for experiential learning in entrepreneurship. Students must propose an activity to a business department faculty member for approval prior to enrolling in this course. Requirements for receiving academic credit may include a designated number of hours working on the activity, periodic meetings with the supervising faculty member, and written assignments related to the activity. This course is repeatable.

BUS 409 Business Internship 3 (1-12)
This internship is an employment experience in a business enterprise. Each student's internship is individually arranged and approved by the instructor prior to enrolling in the course. The experience is designed to integrate and apply theoretical learning with experience. Students must complete at least 24 hours of major requirements and be an accounting, business, marketing, or sustainability management major prior to enrolling in this course. This course is repeatable.

BUS 410 Strategic Management Capstone 3
A study and evaluation of management strategies to achieve organizational goals and objectives and create value for all stakeholders. This course utilizes management principles, financial analysis and control, personnel decisions and marketing strategies with an emphasis on case studies and simulations. Prerequisite: senior standing with a major in accounting, business, marketing, or sustainability management.

Chemistry courses

CHEM 101 Introductory Chemistry 3
Designed for non-chemistry majors. Chem 101 gives students a condensed foundation of chemistry principles. Students who have taken at least two semesters of high school chemistry with grades of B- or higher may enroll in Chem 103 without taking 101. Lectures and laboratory.

CHEM 103 Chemistry and Health 4
A survey of organic chemistry and biochemistry designed for nursing and other allied health majors. A laboratory component will involve chemical experimentation, research skills, and experimental design. Prerequisite: two semesters of high school chemistry with grades of B- or higher or a C or better in Chem 101, or consent of the instructor.

CHEM 111 General Chemistry 4
An introduction to the basic particles of matter, the modern concept of the atom, chemical bonding and the structure of chemical compounds. The physical and chemical properties of some elements and compounds are examined. Reaction equilibrium and kinetics, acid-base theory, electrochemistry, radiochemistry and thermodynamics are included. Lectures and laboratory. Prerequisite: Chem 101,103 or high school chemistry (grade C or better) and adequate pre-calculus math.

CHEM 112 General Chemistry 4
An introduction to the basic particles of matter, the modern concept of the atom, chemical bonding and the structure of chemical compounds. The physical and chemical properties of some elements and compounds are examined. Reaction equilibrium and kinetics, acid-base theory, electrochemistry, radiochemistry and thermodynamics are included. Lectures and laboratory. Prerequisite: Chem 111 (C or better) or consent of the instructor.

CHEM 200 Analytical Chemistry 4
Quantitative analysis using traditional and instrumental methods. Lectures and laboratory. Prerequisite: General Chemistry, Chem 111-112 (C or better) or consent of instructor. Offered every other year.

CHEM 220 Human Nutrition 3
A study of the nutritive needs of the body in normal stages of growth and development, food sources of nutrients, nutrient functions and factors affecting nutrient utilization. Current U.S. and global nutritional problems are explored. Prerequisite: Chem 101, 103 or 111 or consent of instructor. (Biol 203 and 204 recommended).

CHEM 303 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 4
Covering structure, nomenclature, stereochemistry, and principal reactions for the major functional groups of organic chemistry, this is a one-semester survey course that gives an overview of the field. Laboratory exercises introduce basic purification techniques. This can be a stand-alone course for students majoring in biology and not continuing to medical school, veterinary school, or other graduate programs in biology and chemistry-related fields. For students with graduate school plans, this is the first in a two-course sequence in organic chemistry. Prerequisite: Chem 111-112 (C or better) or consent of the instructor.

CHEM 304 Intermediate Organic Chemistry 4
Using Chem 303 as a foundation, this course presents additional reactions (with an increased emphasis on mechanisms) and material on stereochemistry, as well as introducing spectroscopy (IR, NMR, GC-MS and UV-Vis). Together, the Chem 303-304 sequence covers all topics traditionally covered in two-semester organic chemistry courses. Laboratory experiments teach techniques for organic syntheses, instruments (GC/MS, FT-IR, FT-NMR), and chemical information retrieval. Prerequisite: Chem 303 (C or better) or consent of the instructor.

CHEM 310 Thermodynamics 4
A study of classical thermodynamics in the formulation of Gibbs. Thermodynamic potentials, characteristic variables, stability, homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, chemical kinetics are treated. An introduction to statistical mechanics is presented. Applications include studies of material properties and engineering systems. Lectures and laboratories. Prerequisites: Phys 203-204, Chem 111-112, Math 211 and 213 (all grades C or better) or consent of the instructor. Offered every other year.

CHEM 312 Quantum Mechanics 4
Principles of quantum mechanics are discussed beginning with a hydrogen atom and concluding with many atom molecules. The material is examined using the physical evidences that support the theory of quantum mechanics, particularly spectroscopy. The course also discusses symmetry of molecules, theory of NMR, and X-ray diffraction. Lectures and laboratory. Prerequisites: Phys 203-204, Chem 111-112, Math 211 and 213 (all grades C or better) or consent of the instructor. Offered every other year.

CHEM 350 Environmental Chemistry 4
A laboratory intensive course with two lectures and two three-hour labs each week. Will include sampling, statistics and techniques involved in determining the level of contaminants in the environment. Although some instrumental theory will be discussed, the course will emphasize experimental technique. Students will gain hands-on experience collecting authentic environmental samples and using modern instrumentation and methods for detecting the presence of a variety of inorganic and organic compounds. Instruments used in the laboratory will include AA, HPLC, GC and GC-MS as well as standard commercial test kits. The students will gain experience using EPA methods for determining the level of contaminants in their samples. Prerequisite: Chem 111-112 and 303.

CHEM 400 Advanced Preparations 1 (1-2)
Projects involving advanced laboratory techniques.

CHEM 409 Chemistry Internship 3 (0-3)
Designed to give the student practical experience in chemistry. May involve work in a chemical industrial laboratory or production facility or an academic research activity. Students may also propose their own projects. 120 hours of work experience is required. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

CHEM 410 Senior Seminar 3
(Cross-listed from Phys 410) An exploration of the relations between the natural sciences and other broad areas with special emphasis on ethical and theological concerns. Discussion, lectures, preparation and presentation of papers. Prerequisite: Senior standing.

CHEM 415 Inorganic Chemistry 4
Emphasis on models of structure and bonding as related to chemical and physical properties. Discussions will include descriptive chemistry of the elements, coordination and organometallic compounds and solid state materials. The laboratory component emphasizes synthesis and characterization of inorganic compounds. Prerequisites: Chem 200, 303, 304, and 312 (all grades C or better) or consent of the instructor. Offered every other year.

CHEM 430 Biochemistry 4
Introduction to the chemical processes of living organisms. This course (which complements Biol 311 or 341) focuses primarily on proteins (including enzymes) and metabolism, with introductions to carbohydrates, lipids, and cell membranes. Students planning to continue on to graduate programs in medicine, biochemistry, or related fields should take both Chem 430 and Biol 311 or 341 to get a solid background in the areas of biochemistry and molecular biology. Lectures and laboratory. Prerequisite: Chem 303-304.

CHEM 450 Introduction to Research Problems 1 (1-3)
Laboratory and conference. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

Communication courses

COMM 101 Introduction to Communication 3
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of communication, exploring its fundamental concepts, theories, and practices. Students will engage in self-assessment and career exploration, gaining insight into both traditional and emerging professional opportunities in the communication disciplines. Topics covered include public relations, journalism, radio broadcasting and visual media production. Through practical applications and exposure to department studios, equipment and labs, students will develop key skills and learn how to get involved in student media co-curriculars to gain hands-on experience. Media literacy, storytelling and media ethics will also be explored.

COMM 108 Digital Design 3
(Cross-listed from Art 108) This course in visual expression and communication will introduce students to relevant computer programs including Adobe InDesign, Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop. Through exercises, projects and critiques, students will learn both creative visual design and technical aspects of computer-generated images and composition.

COMM 190 Introduction to Radio 1
This applied course prepares students for work at WGCS-FM. Students attend lecture-discussion periods, engage in self-study and learn to operate the station through tutorial shifts.

COMM 195 Introduction to Visual Media 1
Introduction to Visual Media is a lab instruction course on the basics of television/video studio and field production techniques. Students will learn the aesthetics and techniques of multi-camera and single-camera studio and on-location video recording and post production editing. The course includes practice in planning shoots, operating cameras, lighting, audio, and video editing. Students will produce video projects individually and in groups.

COMM 200 Communication Practice 1 (1-2)
Applied work in communication with The Record, Globe Media, FiveCore Media, the Public Relations Student Society of America, or other on-campus communication activity. A maximum of two hours applicable toward a communication major or minor. Consent of instructor required.

COMM 202 Oral Communication 3
A study of communication theories as applied to oral communication. Practical experience in a variety of activities including interpersonal communication, public speaking, small-group communication, persuasion and nonverbal communication. Attention is given to communicating in a culturally diverse society. Prerequisite: Core 110

COMM 204 Expository Writing 3
(Cross-listed from Engl 204) Theory and practice of written communication. Assignments in a variety of prose forms aim at developing the student's control of logic, organization, rhetoric, usage, and audience accommodation. Prerequisite: CORE 110 or equivalent.

COMM 206 Communication Across Cultures 3
A study of cultures, comparative message systems and principles of cross-cultural communication. A focus on current issues having to do with cultural interactions. Students analyze cultural dynamics through ethnographic projects, films and simulations. This course is designed as preparation for SST or for living in settings unlike one's native home.

COMM 209 Field Experience 3 (1-3)
Experiential learning, usually in an off-campus professional setting, for communication majors and minors. The student contracts with a faculty member in regard to goals, performance expectations, supervision, evaluation and course subtitle. The 209 level is intended for first year and sophomore students. Upper level students should enroll in 409. Prerequisite: Comm 202 or 204.

COMM 212 Digital Media Production 3
An introduction to digital media with an emphasis on field video production. The primary goal of the course is the development of the necessary video and audio skills and understandings needed to create effective digital media messages. Secondary goals include providing an overview of digital video production tools and techniques and exploring aesthetic and ethical issues of media. Students will take creative responsibility for fundamental media projects.

COMM 215 Turning the Lens Documentary Film 3
This course examines documentary as an art form and powerful storytelling tool. As distribution outlets like Netflix, hulu and YouTube become more popular, the access to documentaries is at a record high. The number of households without a paid cable or satellite subscription has increased over 67 percent in the last several years, as consumers shift to alternative distribution outlets, where documentaries are surging. The course will look at how documentaries shape our cultural conversations on topics of national importance. This course will draw from perspectives in PJCS, history, English and other disciplines in analyzing documentary films. An Artistic World course in the Goshen Core.

COMM 216 Race, Class and Pop Music 3
This course will examine the effects of race and class on the working-class poor of the Southern United States and their attempt to use music as a vehicle to build community, improve social standing and create awareness of systemic injustices and inequalities inflicted on the majority of Americans. A field trip is planned to one of three cities important to the core themes of this course. Those cities are Memphis, Nashville and New Orleans. An Artistic World course in the Goshen Core.

COMM 230 Inside Out: Storytelling 3
This course builds students' skills in storytelling, focusing both on narrative craft and on the psychological benefits of personal narrative. Half of the students in each class are inmates in a correctional facility and half are college students. The class will employ a workshop model, integrating writing exercises, mentor texts, drafting and revision, peer feedback, and a final reading. Special application required to enroll. An Artistic World course in the Goshen Core.

COMM 235 Gendered Communication 3
This course will critically engage various issues concerning gender, analyzing the impact of gender on communication. How is gender created and maintained through social practices (e.g. interpersonal interaction, media representations, social media, etc.)? How do these gendered social practices intersect with other social categories such as race and ethnicity? Our readings will include the work of Gloria Anzaldua, Ta-Nehisi Coates, Patricia Hill Collins, bell hooks, Deborah Tannen, Anna Deavere Smith and others. A Social World course in the Goshen Core.

COMM 240 Communication Research 3
An introduction to theory building and research methodology of mass communication. Course focuses on the practical aspects of communication research, providing a framework for conducting quantitative and qualitative research..

COMM 250 Writing for Media 3
An introductory newswriting course devoted to print, broadcast and multimedia environments. The course will cover new judgments and new values; reporting strategies; research techniques; forms of journalistic writing and Associated Press style.

COMM 255 Photography 3
A first course including camera work, digital image workflow and printing. Technical fluency, visual composition, photojournalistic approaches, and expression are components of the course. Students must provide a digital camera on which f-stop and shutter speed can be controlled.

COMM 260 Broadcast Writing 3
Students will study the principles, forms and techniques of writing for broadcast media. Assignments will focus on the writing and editing of broadcast news and commercial messages.

COMM 265 Screenwriting 3
This foundational screenwriting course introduces students to the core principles of storytelling for the screen. Students will explore screenplay structure, character development, dialogue, and visual storytelling, while learning to craft compelling narratives for short films and feature-length projects. Through writing exercises, peer critiques, and analysis of screenplays, students will develop their own original scripts and gain an understanding of the collaborative nature of screenwriting within film production. By the end of the course, students will have completed a polished short film script, ready for production or further development.

COMM 270 Media, Law & Ethics 3
The course provides an introduction to the U.S. legal system and the major principles of media law. The course will cover issues like access to information, accuracy, conflicts of interest, deception, fairness, libel, obscenity, plagiarism and privacy. Students will devote attention to models of ethical decision-making as they are applied both personally and to the media.

COMM 290 Radio Operations 1
An applied course providing advanced instruction and experience in radio station operations, emphasizing four areas: announcing, systems operations (computer-based operations, satellite downlinking, basic productions, etc.) programming and management. Course work includes assisting WGCS managers in such areas as programming, production, and operations. Prerequisite: Comm 190.

COMM 294 Adv DM Methods:Pre-production 3
Covers the advanced skills involved in the planning, conceptualizing and writing of complex productions. Emphasis will be on proper storytelling techniques for effective communication through the visual medium. Course may provide opportunities to work for and with FiveCore Media clients on projects. Prerequisite: Comm 212.

COMM 295 TV News Production 1
Applied learning, involving leadership of GC Journal. Focuses on television news producing, directing and newscast studio operations. Prerequisite:Comm 195.

COMM 296 Adv DM Methods:Production 3
Covers the advanced production skills in filming, framing, audio recording, lighting and directing. Emphasis will be on proper storytelling techniques for effective communication through the visual medium. Course may provide opportunities to work for and with FiveCore Media clients on projects. Prerequisite: Comm 212.

COMM 298 Adv DM Methods:Post-production 3
Covers advanced post-production editing, motion graphics, audio mastering, color correction and producing skills. Emphasis will be on proper storytelling techniques for effective communication through the visual medium. Course may provide opportunities to work for and with FiveCore Media clients on projects. Prerequisite: Comm 212.

COMM 308 Feature Writing 3
Students will study nonfiction writing forms, including narrative journalism, and learn the process of publishing articles in newspaper, magazine and online markets. Students will prepare articles for submission. Prerequisite: Comm 204 or 250 or equivalent.

COMM 312 Advanced Digital Media Production 3
Advanced study of digital media production with an emphasis on "storytelling" through field video production. The primary goal of the course is the development of advanced skills and understandings needed to create effective and professional digital media messages. Secondary goals include providing an overview of digital media production tools and techniques and exploring aesthetic and ethical issues of media. This course places emphasis on the "creative" roles of digital media production personnel such as writers, producers, directors, videographers, and video editors. Students will take creative responsibility for advanced media projects. Prerequisite: Comm 212 or consent of instructor.

COMM 314 Advanced Digital Media Immersion 3
The course focuses on advanced integration of video and audio elements in program-length productions. Students will work as members of a production team to create professional digital media projects. The primary goal of this course is immersion in a "real world" production experience. Students may play many roles as a part of the team, including producer, director, writer, videographer and video editor. Prerequisite: Comm 212 or consent of instructor.

COMM 322 Organizational Communication 3
An exploration of communication within organizations, as well as communication between organizations and the larger society. Topics include theories of communication and organizational structure; examination of power, culture, and conflict in organizations; and analysis of verbal and nonverbal messages in interpersonal, small-group and public settings. Assignments will assist students in developing skills in listening, analysis, speaking and writing. Prerequisite: Comm 240 or Bus 316.

COMM 324 Principles of Public Relations 3
Introduction to public relations contexts, issues and practices - research, planning, communicating and evaluating. Emphasis on skills in analyzing public opinion and in communication with internal and external publics, with special attention to not-for-profit organizations. Prerequisite: Comm 240 or Bus 316.

COMM 326 Creating for the Web 3
This course examines the necessary tools for building successful web pages. Students utilize design elements and principles to emphasize the importance of the web as an effective form of communication. They also learn languages of page development (HTML/CSS) and responsive web design. Prerequisite: one college-level course in communication or graphic design. Prerequisite: Art/Comm 108

COMM 340 Social Media Strategies 3
A survey of the field of social media, including theory, methods, operations, and ethics. Practical study will include a critical review of the social media process in varied digital settings.

COMM 342 Advanced Workplace Writing 3
This course will focus on key writing forms for the workplace, including memoranda, letters, email, and research reports. Attention will be paid to style, usage, organization, rhetoric, and audience. Students will prepare writing for submission in the workplace.

COMM 350 Reporting for the Public Good 3
Journalism's role in serving the public good will be in the forefront as students discuss civic journalism, the watchdog function of the news media, tensions between profits and public service, and the advocacy of peace and justice. Students will focus on significant independent reporting projects intended to advance the public good. Prerequisite: Comm 250 or equivalent.

COMM 360 Broadcasting for the Public Good 3
This course examines the philosophical, historical, technological and social aspects of broadcast and new global electronic media industries. Students will study aspects of broadcasting and new media economics, management, audience analysis, programming, media effects, government policy and FCC regulations for the public good.

COMM 375 Animation 3
Focuses on digital animation. Students will learn the skills needed to bring characters to life as well as create visual effects using computer software. Issues in the international contemporary visual culture will also be studied. Prerequisite: Comm 108.

COMM 383 Communication and Society 3
A study of communication issues in modern society with attention to the persons, institutions, media and systems that facilitate social interaction. An overview of communication philosophy as a basis for ethical and aesthetic perspectives.

COMM 385 Studies in Communication 3
Investigations into particular communication issues: social, scientific, philosophic, historical, aesthetic, political or institutional. Focus on an institution or topic of current interest.

COMM 386 Film 3
Survey of film as art, literature and mass medium. Historical development; authors and genres; philosophical, economic and political issues. A selection of 12 films for detailed study. Emphasis on "reading" film, understanding the medium's function and exploring contemporary cinematic issues.

COMM 390 LA Film Industry Intensive 6
This May Term intensive course will expose students to the entertainment industry in Los Angeles and Hollywood as well as give them hands on film production training. Students will visit studios, film offices and professionals in the industry to make connections and see the inner workings of the entertainment and film production industry. An important part of this experience will be the production of a short film in the last week of the term. Students will work alongside professionals from the industry on a film set. The LA Industry Intensive is facilitated by The Greenhouse Arts and Media. Prerequisite: COMM 312.

COMM 408 Workplace Immersion (Internship) 3
Experiential learning, usually in an off-campus professional setting, for communication majors. The student contracts with a faculty member in regard to goals, performance expectations, supervision, and evaluation. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

COMM 409 Internship 3 (1-3)
Experiential learning, usually in an off-campus professional setting, for communication majors and minors. The student contracts with a faculty member in regard to goals, performance expectations, supervision, evaluation and course subtitle. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

COMM 410 Senior Seminar 3
Senior Seminar offers a consideration of ethical and professional issues in the fields of art, communication, English, and theater. Assignments include information interviews with practitioners in the respective fields, oral presentations, and the preparation of a capstone portfolio and polished resume. With a focus on vocation, the course prepares students for professional work and other pursuits, including graduate school.

COMM 411 Film Capstone Research 1
This course prepares students for their senior capstone project of an original short film project by creating a structure that will guide production. At the end of this course a student will have a finished script and pre-production plan. Students will function as the producer, writer and director. This course should be completed at least one semester before enrolling in Comm 413. Prerequisite: Comm 312.

COMM 412 Special Project 1 (1-3)
Students may conduct research of particular interest or pursue specialized applied projects in communication under faculty supervision. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

COMM 413 Senior Film Capstone 3
Senior film production majors produce an original short film that must be ten-twenty minutes in length, demonstrate a high production value, and show clear and creative storytelling. Students must also organize a formal and public screening as part of their course requirements. Prerequisite Comm 312 and Comm 411 and faculty approval.

Computer science courses

COSC 106 Foundations of Information Systems 2
Introduction to the concepts of information technology in business and problem solving using different aspects of information technology. Explores the future possibilities of information technology. Explores the code of ethics and issues of privacy. Introduces students to the field of information technology.

COSC 108 Introduction to Robotics 3
Introduction to the concepts of robotics in information technology. Explores the future possibilities and needs of robotics in today's industries and medical fields. Explores the code of ethics and issues of privacy. Introduces students to the automation of information technology. Concepts and models are illustrated through physical robot platforms, interactive robot simulations, and video segments relevant to historical research developments or to emerging application areas in the field.

COSC 199 St: 1
Special Studies course

COSC 206 Computational Thinking 3
An introduction to computers and programming for students with no prior programming experience and little mathematics preparation. A functional programming language is used to explore conditional expressions and recursion and to perform computational problem solving. Students will gain an understanding about how computers interpret programming languages, including algorithms, memory storage of data, and data abstraction. Students will learn how computational thinking works and how to transfer those skills to actual programming while building confidence at the same time. Students will design, write, and test programs. This course prepares the student for Programming I. Meets the Quantitative Literacy requirement in the Goshen Core.

COSC 216 Programming I 4
This course provides fundamental programming expertise in a higher-level computational language, focusing on such constructs as user defined functions, recursion versus iteration and files usage. The student also will engage in computational thinking and techniques of general problem solving, with an emphasis on modular programming, parameter passing mechanisms, class abstract data types and algorithms. It is recommended that students have passed COSC 206, have a strong mathematical skills (e.g., A's and B's in high school algebra and geometry), or have prior programming experience (e.g. an A or B in one or more high school programming courses).

COSC 226 Introduction to Project Management 3
This course provides an overview of small and large business enterprises and the environments in which they operate. It introduces basic concepts of project management in an organization and explores both technical and human aspects of projects. The roles and responsibilities of a project manager and individual contributors on teams are covered. Students investigate cost, schedule and minimum performance requirements concepts as well as project team management that challenge students to understand different perspectives. These perspectives include project plan development, execution and change control, while developing budgets, creating project assumptions, investigating quality and analyzing variances, and the effects of scope change. The students will develop and present a mock project in teams.

COSC 266 Introduction to Databases 3
This course covers database design and the use of database management systems for applications. Students will create a database instance using MS-SQL and will learn some of the basic SQL statements. Students will also write and practice basic SQL hands-on on an interactive database using Excel and MS-Access.

COSC 270 Intro to Game Development 3
An introduction to the process of game design and play experiences. Concepts, methods, techniques and tools used in the design of a variety of computer games in a 2D environment. Includes rapid prototyping, play testing and design iteration. C# is the computing language for the course. This course is part of a game development minor in collaboration with the art department, which offers the needed requirements for digital design technique, animation, and game art.

COSC 316 Programming II 4
This course focuses on using object-oriented problem solving techniques. Topics covered include object-oriented design, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, algorithmic analysis, and data structures. In particular, the course covers programming efficiently, and applying appropriate industry recognized tecniques to programming problems. This course looks at issues related to solving larger problems in depth than were covered in COSC 206 and 216. Prerequisite: COSC 216. It is recommended that students have taken MATH 205 previously or concurrently.

COSC 346 Human Computer Interaction 3
This course covers principles for designing, implementing, and evaluating user interfaces. The course will introduce user-centered design, accessibility, rapid prototyping, experimentation, direct manipulation, and cognitive principles. Students will apply these principles in creating web sites and other interfaces. Prerequisite: COSC 216.

COSC 356 Computer Networking & Security 3
Structure and components of computer networks, packet switching, layered architectures, and congestion management. Also covers principles of computer and network security. By the end of this course, a student will have either passed or be prepared to take an industry standard certification exam in networking. Prerequisite: COSC 216 or consent of instructor.

COSC 357 Data Privacy and Security 3
This course explores the fundamentals of information security attacks and defense mechanisms. Security issues related to people, data, networks, and devices are surveyed to provide insight into designing security solutions and policies. Technologies and practices that support the security principles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability are also discussed. By the end of this course, a student will have either passed or be prepared to take a standard industry certification exam on security. Prerequisite: COSC 356.

COSC 360 Operating Systems 4
A study of operating system concepts and structures with a major focus on process control, memory management, I/O management and concurrent processes. Students will investigate the impact of different operating systems in both a LAN and a WAN environment. Prerequisite: COSC 216.

COSC 365 Analysis of Algorithms 3
Course covers the design and analysis of efficient algorithms. Topics covered include sorting, search trees, heaps, hashing, divide-and-conquer, dynamic programming, randomized algorithms, stochastic algorithms, approximation algorithms, amortized analysis, probabilistic analysis, competitive analysis. Prerequisite: COSC 316 and MATH 205.

COSC 366 Database Design 3
The proper design of databases and their construction through diagramming tools and SQL. Attention is also given to form and report development, data warehouse and data mining issues, and administrative issues such as user security. Students gain experience in robust database environments such as MySQL and in web environments. Prerequisite: COSC 216.

COSC 370 Advanced Game Development 3
Advanced work in designing games and playful experiences, building on skills developed in COSC 270. Work in a 3D environment, program in C#, and learn how to develop in Unity. This course includes students from both art and computer science. The expected outcome for this class is a full-fledged game with provisioning for a retail environment across multiple platforms. Teams will incorporate environmental and character art while extending their knowledge of appropriate software and digital design techniques. Dynamics and creation of game narrative will be covered. Prerequisite: COSC 270 and COSC 316 or permission of instructor.

COSC 375 Special Topics 3 (1-3)
Topics will be selected based on student interest. Possible topics include: Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Health Information Systems, Computer Architecture, Compiler Design, Machine Learning, Software Engineering, Theory of Computation, and Computational Linguistics. Other topics will be considered. Course may be repeated. Prerequisite: COSC 316 or consent of instructor.

COSC 406 Systems Analysis 3
A structured approach to solving organizational problems. The focus of the course is on determining the needs of a real organization and meeting those needs through the design of an information system. Topics such as feasibility analysis, determining requirements, documenting processes and data requirements through modeling tools, designing a new system, and implementation issues are covered. Prerequisite: COSC 316 and 366 or consent of instructor.

COSC 409 Internship 3 (1-3)
Work experience in or student observation of the computer field. Each student's project is individually arranged with the instructor. The course is designed to integrate and apply theoretical learning with experience. Students desiring a computer internship must be a Computer Science or Information Technology major/minor and must have completed at least 12 hours of major/minor requirements. This course is repeatable.

COSC 410 Senior Seminar 1
Summative course for the Computer Science and Information Technology majors. This course discusses the enormous impact that computing has had on society at large. It will also examine issues concerning a sustainable future and how that places added responsibilities on computing professionals. Course also considers professional ethics, professional development, professional communication, and collaborating in person as well as remotely. The course is an assessment of mastery of learning outcomes for the major. Prerequisite: Senior standing.

COSC 411 Business Application Programming 3
This course emphasizes best practices in the implementation phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC). Application software engineering techniques are reinforced by an application-oriented team project based on a business scenario. The project provides real-world examples by integrating software engineering practices focusing on programming, testing and other implementation activities to deliver a product that meets approved specifications through lab assignments. Prerequisites: COSC 226 Beginning Project Management, COSC 266 Introduction to Databases or COSC 366 Database Design, and COSC 216 Programming I

COSC 416 Project Management 3
Working with the organization from COSC 406, students gain practice in managing the system life cycle; requirements determination for logical design, physical design, testing and implementation of a system for a local organization. Topics include system and database integration issues; metrics for project-management and system-performance evaluation; managing expectations of superiors, users, team members and others related to the project; determining skill requirements and staffing the project; cost effectiveness analysis; presentation techniques; effective management of both behavioral and technical aspects of the project. Prerequisite: COSC 406.

Goshen CORE courses

CORE 100 Identity, Culture and Community 3
How do people with diverse identities live together in a vibrant community? Students will acquire perspectives and skills to prepare them to thrive in their intercultural experience whether in the college community, the local community or the global community. Students will explore the construction of identity, the components of culture, and the elements of community. This class also facilitates the transition to college and introduces some of the skills necessary for successful study in the liberal arts context. Taken in the fall semester of the first year.

CORE 104 Career and Calling 1
Career and Calling is a continuation of the first semester Core 100 experience with a focus on vocation, leadership, and career development. The course explores how to shape a life of meaningful work and vibrant purpose now and in the future. The guiding question for the course is this: To what are you being called? What kind of life do you want to build?

CORE 106 Culture and Community 3
This course for transfer students and spring semester first-time students combines course content from the CORE 100 and CORE 104 courses. Students will explore identity and culture, specifically the question: How do people with diverse identities live together in a vibrant community? Course content will also include an introduction to the Goshen Core and campus resources for career development and spiritual growth.

CORE 110 Academic Voice:Speaking and Writing 3 ()
In this course, students practice crafting and presenting speeches and essays using the tools of critical reading, analysis, active listening, rhetoric and research, with the purpose of developing their voices to participate in academic conversations. Taken in the fall or spring semester of the first year.

CORE 115 Wellness for Life 1
Explores the influence of physical activity and dietary choices on risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and mental/emotional disorders. Examines personal, genetic, attitudinal and behavioral components of wellness. Taken in fall or spring semester of first year.

CORE 120 Engaging the Bible 3
An exploration of biblical themes and narratives alongside the modern application of the Bible in religion, culture, and politics. Students will develop diverse socio-historical, literary, and contextual interpretive skills. This course should be taken by the end of the second year.

CORE 160 Res Writ: Energy and Environment 3
Humankind has built an amazing civilization on planet Earth by exploiting fossil fuels. Now we confront the challenges of climate change and our impact on other species. The concept of energy is key to identifying and prioritizing solutions. Youll research and write about an attempt to mitigate or adapt to climate change, and reflect on how it could be implemented in our cultural context. A Research and Writing and Natural World course in the Goshen Core. Prerequisites: Core 110 or equivalent.

CORE 162 Res & Writing:Investigate Epidemics 3
This course will investigate the economic, envrionmentall, cultural and biological reasons for infectious disease patterns throughout history and around the globe. Students will consider research-based, culturally relevant solutions for preventing future outbreaks of infectious disease. A Natural World course in the Goshen Core. Prerequisite: CORE 110 or equivalent.

CORE 172 Res Writ: Religion and Politics 3
How does religion function as a force for transformation and change in society, or a source of stability? And how does the political world feed back into the world of faith? This course examines the impact of religious beliefs, religious practices, and religious communities on the broader world of politics: governance, social issues, and the organization of the polis. A Research & Writing and Religious World course in the Goshen Core. Prerequistites: CORE 110 or equivalent.

CORE 173 Res Writ: World Christianity 3
Why is Christianity growing so rapidly in most parts of the world while it appears to be declining in Europe and North America? This course will investigate assumptions about secularization and globalization. It will look especially at Catholicism, African Indigenous Churches, Pentecostalism, and the Anabaptist-Mennonite church. Students will participate in interpreting data gathered in primary research by the professor. A Research & Writing and Religious World course in the Goshen Core. Prerequisites: CORE 110 or equivalent.

CORE 176 Res Writ: Amish, Menn, Am Religio 3
This course asks the question what does it mean to be an American? through the lens of diverse stories from Mennonite and Amish groups from the first days of European presence in North America to today. White or black, buggy-riding or Prius-driving, conservative or progressive, these groups have answered this question in all kinds of different ways, demonstrating how wide the spectrum of religion in America can be. Without moralizing or dogmatics, this class will use them as tourguides to touch on the American intersections of religion with migration, politics, gender, class, race, ethnicity, violence, sexuality, politics, pluralism, or law. A Research & Writing and Religious World course in the Goshen Core. Prerequisite: Core 110 or equivalent.

CORE 181 Res Writ:Writing About Home 3
How do we think about "home" and represent "home" to one another? Is it where we are from, or where we are, or both? How does it relate to where we are going? We will explore these issues at the level of our families, our campus, our local communities, and our nations, using literature, film and other resources. A Research & Writing and Artistic World course in the Goshen Core. Prerequisites: CORE 110 or equivalen.

CORE 184 Res Writ: Are We Still Human? 3
How has the definition of being human changed over time--along with societal developments in biology, technology and spirituality? And how is that changing definition of humanity reflected and explored in literature, film and other arts? A Research & Writing and Artistic World course in the Goshen Core. Prerequisites: Core 110 or equivalent.

CORE 187 Res Writ: The Poetry of Hip Hop 3
In this course we'll study rap as the poetry it is, paying attention to features such as rhythm, rhyme, allusion, and wordplay. We'll also think about how rap's seemingly extra-poetic features-its musicality, its performativity, its close reliance on sound technology-invite us to expand our definition of poetry more broadly. For a final project, you will research and write an argumentative essay about a current social issue, and then revise your essay into an original rap song. A Research & Writing course that meets the Artistic World requirement. Prerequisite: Core 110 or equivalent.

CORE 188 Res & Writing:Art & the Environment 3
How have artists addressed environmental issues in the past and also today? What role does visual art play in grappling with our impact on the environment? In this course, students will learn about a variety of artistic movements and how artists have uniquely engaged across disciplines to address issues of climate change. They will learn about creative problem-solving strategies, collaboration, and research. As a research and writing course in the Core, the course also includes a capstone research-based essay. A Research & Writing course that meets the Artistic World requirement. Prerequisite: Core 110 or equivalent.

CORE 192 Res Writ: War, Peace, Nonresistance 3
Can or should Christians participate in war? What form should the responsibility to pursue peace take? From early in the tradition, Christians have struggled to answer these questions. In this course we examine how concepts of pacifism, just war, and holy war developed and the many forms that peacemaking takes--especially today. A Goshen Seminar and Peacemaking course in the Goshen Core. Prerequisites: CORE 110 or equivalent.

CORE 210 Professional Communication Skills 4
A course for adult students that responds to the challenges of professional communication expectations. The focus is on critique and the development of individual written and oral communication skills for content, style and effectiveness. Access and management of information will also be addressed.

CORE 309 Lead Serve in Multicultural World 3
The modern workforce is rapidly becoming a mosaic of colors, languages, cultural traditions and values. This demographic reality poses an immense challenge for both workforce and leaders. The goal of this course is to better understand different cultural values and styles, to recognize one's own biases and assumptions and to value diversity. Designed for students in adult programs.

Criminal justice and restorative justice courses

CJRJ 100 Introduction to Criminal Justice 3
This course provides an introduction to the criminal justice system in the United States. Students will develop a general understanding of the criminal justice system's response to crime in society and be introduced to the components of the system: police, courts, and corrections. Offered every fall.

CJRJ 200 Sociology of Crime and Deviance 3
This course introduces students to criminology and criminological theories. Crime and reactions to crime will be examined as they relate to social and institutional life in contemporary U.S. society. Students will gain theoretical lenses for understanding the situational and systemic forces leading to the emergence of crime at the micro- and macro- levels of society and for examining the impact of various attempts at crime control. Offered every spring.

CJRJ 307 Criminal Law 3
Students are introduced to the basic concepts and substance of criminal law in the United States including the elements of an offense and criminal defenses. Special emphasis is placed on case studies involving particular crimes such as homicide, white-collar crime, or hate crime. Finally, the course considers the impact of state and federal criminal codes and their enforcement on equality and public safety among diverse communities within the United States. Prerequisite: CJRJ 100 or POSC 200 or permission from instructor. Offered every spring of even years.

CJRJ 310 Current Issues in Law Enforcement 3
This course explores current issues impacting the practice of policing including legal issues; race, ethnicity, and gender within law enforcement; the use and abuse of force by police; police accreditation and training; and public opinion surrounding crime and policing. Offered spring of odd years. Prerequisite: CJRJ 100

CJRJ 409 Internship 2 ((2-4))
An approved internship or work experience related to Criminal Justice and Restorative Justice. Open to senior majors or minors in CJRJ. Offered every spring.

CJRJ 411 Senior Seminar 3
After researching the various professional sub-fields within criminal justice and restorative justice as well as the particular challenges facing each of these, students will complete an inventory of their own particular skillsets and convictions leading to an extended self- reflective essay on professional preparedness and areas in need of further discipline and growth. Finally, each student will prepare a resume, and conduct multiple interviews with professionals in at least two sub-fields of interest. All students will have identified at least one host candidate for an internship. Open to Senior Majors or Minors in CJRJ. Offered every fall.

Department of collegiate studies courses

DCS 110 Academic Success 1
This course provides students with a toolbox of learning strategies, based on learning science, and orients them to campus services and resources. Students practice strategies to organize themselves and their materials, manage their time, read and study effectively, and to prepare for and take tests. They learn to navigate the transition from high school to college or improve their study habits for success in college. .

DCS 112 Metacognitive Learning Strategies 1
In this concurrent learning lab, students will engage with highly effective learning strategies and apply these research-based approaches to the coursework in their current classes.

DCS 210 Career Exploration 1
An interactive exploration of career decision making. Introduces students to the concepts of career, life planning and vocation through identifying strengths, clarifying values and self-evaluation. Provides information about educational and career options. Meets Tuesday and Thursdays for twelve 75-minute sessions, combining lecture and discussion group formats.

DCS 409 Interdisciplinary Practicum 1
An approved internship, work experience or service hours on campus or in the community as defined in conjunction with the interdisciplinary major advisor. The practicum should relate to a field or activity related to at least two of the three concentrations in the interdisciplinary major. Requires 40 clock hours per credit hour, mid-term evaluation and onsite supervisor evaluation. Prerequisite: at least two courses in the related concentrations and permission of instructor.

DCS 410 Interdisc Senior Sem 1
An online course for interdisciplinary majors to integrate the knowledge, skills, and dispositions developed in their different disciplines. Through reading, short assignments, and career services activities, interdisciplinary studies majors reflect on the relationship between their academic preparation and career and vocational choices.

Economics courses

ECON 200 Principles of Economics 3
This course will introduce students to the fundamental concepts of micro and macro economics, including economic relationships and processes, analysis of markets and price behavior, economic activities of governments, aggregate income determination, banking, and trade.

ECON 306 International Economics 3
Factors in international economic relations; international trade theory; balance of international payments; foreign exchange; commercial policy of the United States and other countries; foreign investment and economic development; international economic cooperation. Prerequisite: Econ 200

ECON 308 Economic Development 3
Provides a general overview of the development field and surveys major issues from a range of viewpoints. Topics include trade and financial problems faced by developing countries, evaluation of various models of development and application of economic techniques to development problems.

ECON 309 Environmental Economics 3
In this course we consider how economic activity affects the environment and how environmental destruction can, in turn, harm the economy. We apply the concepts of externalities, public goods and open-access resources to topics such as air pollution, climate change and green business practices.

ECON 310 Economics of War and Peace 3
National defense spending is the largest category in the discretionary portion of the federal budget, larger than all the other categories combined. This course examines the benefits and costs of this commitment of public funds. Topics include the armament industry, national security, government financing, terrorism and peace-making. A Peacemaking course in the Goshen Core.

ECON 315 Economic Models and Measurement 3
Micro and macro economic concepts using mathematical analysis will be included in this course. Prerequisite: Econ 200 and Quantitative Literacy requirement.

ECON 321 Behavioral Economics 3
Behavioral Economics applies psychological insights into economic judgements and decision making with a focus on how scarce decision resources are allocated. In this course students will be introduced to the history of the field of behavioral economics and will apply behavioral economic insights to understand activities such as investment and savings, cooperation, risky behavior, happiness, and more, with a primary goal being to better understand how to create social and economic value. Prerequisite: ECON 200 or BUS 244.

ECON 345 Economics of Sustainability 3
This course explores the transformation necessary to create a sustainable economy using a triple-bottom-line perspective: planet, people, and profit. Students will learn about the organizational and structural changes required to promote a sustainable economy, focusing on the objectives of sustainable scale, just distribution and efficient allocation as well as public- and private-sector strategies to support the transition from carbon-based resources to renewables. Prerequisite: Econ 200 or Econ 309.

ECON 375 Topics 3 (1-3)
Depth study on a selected topic in economics. Intended to accommodate student interest and/or faculty expertise in specific business issues. Issues may vary from year to year and may include off campus trips during May term.

ECON 400 Selected Readings 1
Special topics for majors and minors.

Education courses

EDUC 201 Foundations of Education 4 (3-4)
Includes both campus and field study of learning environments, classroom management and instructional methods that meet the needs of diverse student populations. The course emphasizes race, gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status, family structures, language and exceptionalities from a social justice, critical perspective in light of the historical, philosophical, and social foundations of education. 20 hour field placement required. Prerequisite: 2.5 GPA

EDUC 300 Exceptional Learners 3
A study of students with exceptionalities within an academic setting offers practical information on meeting students' exceptional needs within mainstream classrooms. The course provides basic information on identification procedures, characteristics of different categories of special education, instructional methods, materials, adaptations, and accommodations to meet the needs of diverse learners. The professional context and collaborative nature of designing and implementing educational services for exceptional students is explored. Field placement in a diverse classroom setting required.

EDUC 301 Curriculum Studies:Math 2
A study of mathematics pedagogy with an emphasis on conceptually sound and developmentally appropriate lessons. Includes selecting and evaluating topics of study, multiple representations of information and instructional strategies, interdisciplinary teaching, and using school and community resources. Also includes differentiation and modifications for special needs students. Field experiences in diverse classrooms.

EDUC 303 Literacy I:Developmental 3
A study in the development of reading, writing, listening and speaking. Focus on research-based, standards-based, student-centered instructional methods, assessment and developing authentic engagement that leads to a life-long enjoyment of reading and writing in many modes and styles. Based on the 5 National Reading Panel areas of literacy: phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension. Literacy development, methodology and curricular options for K-6 learners, including English language learners and differentiation. Field placement in diverse classroom settings.

EDUC 304 Curriculum Studies:Social Studies 2
A study of social studies curriculum and pedagogy with special emphasis on instruction, planning, and assessment, including connecting curriculum to student's prior learning, abilities and needs. Field experiences in diverse settings. Enrollment limited to those who have been admitted to the teacher education program.

EDUC 307 Children's & Adolescent Literature 3
A survey of children's and young adolescent literature studying genre, authors, illustrators, the art of writing and illustration; extensive reading in the field as well as writing a book for children.

EDUC 308 Curriculum Studies:Science 2
A study of science pedagogy with an emphasis on conceptually sound and developmentally appropriate lessons. Includes selecting and evaluating topics of study; multiple representations of information and instructional strategies; and interdisciplinary teaching. Also includes study of ways to adapt curriculum for special needs students. Field experiences in diverse settings. Enrollment limited to those who have been admitted to the teacher education program.

EDUC 309 Educational Psychology 3
A study of human developmental theories, including cognitive, social, and emotional. Offers theoretical frames to better understand student development and diversity. Application to instruction, student motivation, and classroom environment are emphasized. A community placement at the local Boy's and Girl's Club gives students a chance to apply their learning. Field placement required.

EDUC 321 Curr & Instruct I: Middle School 4 (3-4)
Includes both campus and field study of learning environments, instructional methods, and assessment, particularly as it pertains to 5th - 8th grades. Class sessions emphasize lesson planning, curricular theory, instructional strategies, and literacy across the curriculum. A minimum of 36 hours in a middle school classroom is required. Enrollment limited to those who have been admitted to the teacher education program.

EDUC 322 Methods of TESOL 4
(Cross-listed with Engl 320) Primary topics addressed are theories of language learning, general TESOL approaches, methods for the teaching of specific langauge skills, materials preparation and assessment issues in ELL. A 20 hour ESL tutoring assignment (teaching English to a nonnative speaker) brings reality to the theories. Prerequisite: World language competence through 101-level (can be taken concurrently) or permission of instructor. Engl 310 is recommended but not required.

EDUC 324 Curr & Instruct II: High School 4 (3-4)
Includes both campus and field study of learning environments, instructional methods, and assessment, particularly as it pertains to 9th-12th grades. Class sessions emphasize long-range planning, classroom management, and professional and ethical issues. A minimum of 36 hours in a high school classroom is required. This course is concurrent with EDUC 325 for 5-12 programs. Enrollment limited to those who have been admitted to the teacher education program.

EDUC 325 Sec Curr & Instr:Content Methods 2
Subject-specific class sessions concentrate on curriculum and instruction in those subject areas. To be taken concurrently with EDUC 324 the year prior to student teaching. Not required for ENL, music, art or physical education content areas. Enrollment limited to those who have been admitted to the teacher education program.

EDUC 330 Fine Arts for Children 3
A study of drama, art and music as it pertains to the elementary classroom; participatory experiences, integration across the arts and integration of the arts into the classroom.

EDUC 341 Mild Disabilities I 3
The study of assessment, identification, characteristics and instruction of elementary students with learning disabilities and mild cognitive disabilities provides a foundation for accommodating all students with learning challenges through thorough development of Individual Educational Plans (IEP). Traditional and contemporary measures for assessment (including Response to Intervention) are explored and practiced within field placements. Theoretical perspectives surrounding collaboration and consultation are examined and practiced within the classroom and a field placement. Field placement in a diverse setting required. Prerequisite: Educ 300

EDUC 343 Mild Disabilities II 3
The study of assessment, identification, characteristics and instruction of elementary students with emotional disabilities and autism provides a foundation for accommodating students with difficult behaviors regardless of eligibility for special education. Special Education law and legal procedures/legislative mandates (Functional Behavior Assessment/Behavior Intervention Plans) are explored and practiced within field placements. Field placement in a diverse setting is required. Prerequisite: Educ 300.

EDUC 344 Learning Environments 3
This general methods course will prepare candidates to effectively teach in the K-6 classroom by understanding the extensive role of data-based differentiation for diverse student populations, designing and implementing effective classroom management plans, and using technology within the classroom to promote meaningful learning. Prerequisite: Educ 300.

EDUC 346 Special Education Issues 1
Issues and debriefing within special education student teaching placements are addressed. To be completed concurrently with EDUC 415. Prerequisites: Educ 300, Educ 341, 343, and 344.

EDUC 348 Teaching Adolescents/Except Needs 3
The study of assessment, identification, characteristics, and instruction of adolescents with disabilities. Focuses on methods that accommodate the academic, social, cognitive, and physical needs of the adolescent with disabilities. Explores components of Individual Educational Plans specific to adolescents with disabilities. Field placement in a diverse middle school or high school required.

EDUC 401 Child Development Practicum 1
A study of child development. Focuses on learning theory and the importance of play for young children. Will include a field experience based on the application of developmentally appropriate practice. Required for elementary K-6, K-12 art, ENL, music and physical education content areas.

EDUC 402 Student Teaching:Elementary 12
At least 13 weeks of full-day student teaching in elementary schools under the supervision of a licensed elementary teacher and a faculty member from the GC education department. Includes several workshops on campus to reflect on important teaching issues.

EDUC 403 Secondary Education Seminar 3
An intensive three-week seminar immediately following Educ 405 that focuses on educational philosophy, collaboration with families, integration of faith and teaching, different school models, use of student learning data, and interview preparation. Includes student projects and presentations, group work, individual reflection on teaching, guest presenters, and preparation of professional portfolios. Concurrent: Educ 405.

EDUC 405 Student Teaching:Secondary 12
At least 13 weeks of full-day student teaching in a secondary school under the supervision of a teacher licensed in the student teacher's major teaching area and a GC faculty member. Includes several workshops on campus to reflect on important teaching issues.

EDUC 406 Literacy II: Diagnostic 3
A second course in literacy focusing on intervention and instructional support for struggling readers and writers with the goal of preventing further difficulties in developmentally appropriate ways. The course is based on closely observing and recording children's literacy behaviors and applying the science of reading to improve phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension. Emphasis on strategic, standards-based and student-centered teaching. Includes tutoring a struggling reader. Prerequisite: Educ 303. Enrollment limited to those who have been admitted to the teacher education program.

EDUC 407 Field Studies 1 (1-2)
Individualized field work to supplement required education field placements.

EDUC 408 Studies in Education 1
Individual study or research to supplement required education coursework.

EDUC 409 Elementary Education:Seminar 3
An intensive three-week seminar immediately following Educ 402 that focuses on use of student learning data, educational philosophy, collaboration with families, integration of faith and teaching, different school models, and interview preparation. Includes student projects and presentations, group work, individual reflection on teaching, and preparation of professional portfolios. Concurrent: Educ 402.

EDUC 410 Transition to Teaching Practicum 6
Student teaching for those enrolled in the Transition to Teaching program (TtT). Requires at least 13 weeks of full-day student teaching under a supervising teacher. Also includes preparation for licensure and the completion of several capstone projects.

EDUC 414 TESOL Practicum 3
(Cross-listed with Engl 325) Supervised teaching in a K-6, 5-12, or adult community ESL setting depending on student's focus. Teacher Education students complete 120 hours of teaching and a seminar. Teacher Education students' requirements depend on certification level. K-6 certification: General student teaching placement and then an EL student teaching placement via this course. 5-12 certification: Do not take this course if student teaching was in EL. If another content area student teaching, take it for 3 credits. P-12 students: EL student teaching with one age group and then take this class for 2 credits with another age group. Non-Teacher Education students: Complete 80 hours of teaching and a seminar. Prerequisite: Engl 320 and consent of instructor.

EDUC 415 Student Teaching:Exceptional Needs 5
Student teaching encompasses 200 hours in a mild disability context under the close supervision of a supervising teacher licensed for mild disabilities and a Goshen College faculty member. This experience focuses on assessment, lesson planning, instruction, and intervention. To be completed concurrently with Educ 346. Prerequisite: Educ 402.

EDUC 425 EL Methods 4
The primary emphasis of this class is to learn specific instructional approaches for second language acquisition. Participants will learn methods for adapting instructional materials for their current classes to ensure all students can meet all academic content standards, and will learn how to provide equitable and appropriate assessment for EL students. Participants will also complete several observation hours in a direct serve EL classroom.

EDUC 450 Professional Capstone 2
In this capstone course, participants will address topics related to collaboration and advocacy, as well as the intersection of culture with students' experiences of school. The class will meet in face-to-face format for one month, then participants will complete a capstone project and take the state's licensure exam in June.

English courses

ENGL 105 Introduction to College Writing 3
Introduction to college-level reading and writing skills (organization, focus, clarity, and development). Successful completion of this course fulfills the pre-requisite for Core 110 Academic Voice when a student's SAT/ACT score does not meet the SAT Critical Reading or Writing score of 480 or above, or the ACT English/Writing score of 20 or above, or when a student's high school GPA indicates a need for additional development of college-level writing and study skills.

ENGL 201 World Literature in English 3
Study of literature written in English outside of the United Kingdom and the United States that deals in a significant way with the intersection of cultures, particularly postcolonial literature from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and Latin America. Prerequisites: CORE 110.

ENGL 203 Introduction to Creative Writing 3
An introduction to the writing of poems, short stories and creative nonfiction, with emphasis on writing, reading, discussion, and developing a unique voice.

ENGL 204 Expository Writing 3
Theory and practice of written communication. Assignments in a variety of prose forms aim at developing the student's control of logic, organization, rhetoric, usage, and audience accommodation. Prerequisite: CORE 110 or equivalent.

ENGL 207 Lit of Ethnicity, Gender, and Race 3
Study of literature shaped distinctively by cultural and theoretical concerns related to ethnicity, gender, and race. Repeatable if different topics. Prerequisites: CORE 110. Specific topics announced in advance, such as Native American literature, African-American literature, Latino literature, Mennonite literature, or women in literature.

ENGL 212 Word and Image 3
This course explores the relationship between literary art and visual media. Recent versions of the course have focused on a single major author (e.g. Emily Dickinson) as represented via text, image, and popular media such as television and film. An Artistic World course in the Goshen Core.

ENGL 213 Shakespeare and Film 3
Why is Shakespeare still relevant today across a diverse range of cultures and contexts? This course investigates the relationship between selected plays and their adaptations in film and popular culture. Students will develop skills in reading and interpreting texts of Shakespeare's plays and also skills in visual and cultural analysis of films they have inspired. An Artistic World course in the Goshen Core.

ENGL 230 Literature and Popular Culture 3
Study of literature in relation to film, television, or other media of popular culture. Specific topics will be announced in advance. Repeatable.

ENGL 235 Comics and Graphic Novels 3
Students will focus mostly on relatively recent texts defined and marketed as graphic novels or graphic narratives. They will work to determine the cultural meaning and significance of the two genres' unique qualities. While the reading list focuses on character-based works, particularly memoir, and fiction about family and youth culture, students will also explore other categories of visual narratives, from superhero comics to manga. An Artistic World course in the Goshen Core.

ENGL 280 Sophomore Writing Portfolio 1
Guided instruction on portfolio development, including editing and revising skills needed for advanced writing courses. Students should meet with the writing program adviser in the fall of their sophomore year to determine the best semester to complete this project. Prerequisite: Engl 204 and one additional writing course. Course grade will be Credit/No Credit.

ENGL 290 English Publication 1 (1-2)
Applied work in publication (Pinchpenny Press, Broadside, Red Cents, the department newsletter or blog). Students choosing to publish with Pinchpenny Press must register for this course, select a faculty adviser, and fulfill stated requirements. Repeatable. Prerequisite: Engl 204, two additional writing courses, and consent of instructor. Course grade will be Credit/No Credit.

ENGL 300 Philosophy, Interpret, and Culture 3
This course examines critical interpretive strategies and theories as applied to several literary and cultural genres. In addition, the course introduces students to important research skills involved in the production of literary and cultural criticism. Prerequisite: CORE 110 and any college-level literature course.

ENGL 305 Genre Studies 3
Study of a single genre, sometimes with focus on writings of a specific period or place. Typical offerings include history of the novel or contemporary poetry. Repeatable. Prerequisite: CORE 110.

ENGL 306 Major Author 3
A study of a major author or of two authors in comparison. Courses have included Shakespeare, Chaucer, Faulkner, and Morrison. Repeatable. Prerequisite: CORE 110.

ENGL 307 Lit of Ethnicity, Gender, and Race 3
Similar to Engl 207, with reading and research assignments that broaden and deepen the student's engagement with the topic. Students may take Engl 307 more than once if different topics. Prerequisite: CORE 110.

ENGL 310 Introduction to Linguistics 3
Explores different ways of looking at how languages function as systems of sounds, word structures, grammatical patterns, and systems of meaning. Useful for language learning, teaching, and appreciation of English and language in general. Also counts as a language pre-requisite for non-French or Spanish SST units.

ENGL 312 Writing Workshop 1
Intensive one-week workshop in writing, usually conducted by a visiting author during Spring semester. Repeatable. Prerequisite: Any college-level creative writing course or permission of department chair. Course grade will be Credit/No Credit.

ENGL 315 Global English 3
The study of the sound system, history, and varieties of the English language, followed by exploration of current developments in sociolinguistics, dictionaries, and word formation. The course cultivates an informed attitude toward English usage. Prerequisite: Core 110 or equivalent.

ENGL 319 English Grammar 1
A detailed study of the grammar of English. Designed especially for future teachers of ELL or high school English. Prerequisite: Previous or concurrent enrollment in Engl 310 or foreign language competence through the 102 level.

ENGL 320 Methods of TESOL 4 (3-4)
(Cross-listed with Educ 322) Primary topics addressed are theories of language learning, general TESOL approaches, methods for the teaching of specific language skills, materials preparation, and assessment issues in ELL. An ESL tutoring assignment (teaching English to a nonnative speaker) brings reality to the theories. Prerequisite: World language competence through 101-level (can be taken concurrently with Engl 320) or permission of instructor. Engl 310 is recommended but not required.

ENGL 325 TESOL Practicum 3 ()
(Cross-listed with Engl 414) Supervised teaching in a K-6, 5-12, or adult community ESL setting depending on student's focus. Teacher Education students complete 120 hours of teaching and a seminar. Teacher Education students' requirements depend on their certification: K-6 certification: Do a general student teaching placement and then an EL student teaching placement via this course. 5-12 certification: Do not take this course if they student teach in EL. If they do a general student teaching, they take it for 3 credits. P-12 students do EL student teaching with one age group and then take this class for 2 credits with another age group. Non-Teacher Education students complete 80 hours of teaching and a seminar. Prerequisite: Engl 320 and consent of instructor.

ENGL 326 History of Lit in English I 3
Development of English-language literature from Beowulf through the medieval period, English Renaissance, American colonial period, and 18th century, with special attention to questions of canon, language, and genre. Prerequisite: CORE 110

ENGL 327 History of Lit in English II 3
Development of English-language literature from the Romantic era through the Victorian, modern, and post-modern periods, with special attention to issues of identity, modernity, and globalization. Prerequisite: CORE 110

ENGL 330 Writing Fiction 3
A workshop course in writing short fiction, with special attention to issues of setting, character, plot, dialogue, and point of view. Readings by contemporary writers. Prerequisite: CORE 110, Engl 203, or consent of instructor.

ENGL 332 Writing Poetry 3
A workshop course in writing poetry in a variety of forms, with special attention to imagery, sound, line, meter, and revision. Readings in classic and contemporary poetry. Prerequisite: CORE 110, Engl 203, or consent of instructor.

ENGL 334 Writing Creative Nonfiction 3
A workshop course in writing the personal essay and nonfiction prose, with special attention to creating a personal voice and applying creative writing techniques to nonfictional subjects. Students will read and discuss examples of creative nonfiction and prepare two longer essays for a final portfolio. Prerequisite: CORE 110, Engl 203, or consent of instructor.

ENGL 336 Special Topics in Writing 3
A workshop course in special writing topics such as Memoir or Editing and Publishing. Prerequisite: CORE 110, Engl 203, or consent of instructor.

ENGL 365 Global Literature in London 3
An off-campus May term course studying British and Global Anglophone literature in the context of contemporary multicultural London. Activities include museum visits, performances, guest speakers, and cultural events. Offered during May term in alternate years. Extra Cost. Pre-requisite: Core 110 or equivalent.

ENGL 408 English Writing Practicum 2
English Writing majors develop a final writing portfolio under supervision of faculty adviser. Recommended for fall semester of the senior year. Prerequisite: Engl 204, 280, three English writing courses, and permission of instructor. Course grade will be Credit/No Credit. Can substitute for Engl 409 with departmental approval.

ENGL 409 English Practicum 2 (1-2)
English majors propose independent projects in research, off-campus field experience, or internship. Prerequisite: Engl 204, 300, three upper-level literature courses, and permission of instructor. Course grade will be Credit/No Credit.

ENGL 410 Senior Seminar 3 (1-2)
Students will discuss practical, professional, and ethical dimensions of their Goshen College education. They will engage in a common reading experience, conduct a final project, interview professionals in their aspirational fields, and prepare a capstone portfolio that reflects designated learning outcomes.

French courses

FREN 101 Elementary French I 4
Basic skills in understanding, speaking, reading and writing French for beginners.

FREN 102 Elementary French II 4
Basic skills in understanding, speaking, reading and writing French for beginners. Prerequisite: Fren 101 or equivalent on placement test.

FREN 103 Elementary French III 4
Emphasis on basic communication skills in the target language and culture. Normally offered only on SST. Prerequisite: Fren 102 or equivalent.

FREN 201 Intermediate French I 4
Grammar review with reading and discussion in French. Normally offered only on SST. Prerequisite: Fren 102 or equivalent.

FREN 202 Intermediate French II 4
Reading and discussion of prose, poetry and drama. Grammar review, oral and written practice. Normally offered only on SST. Prerequisite: Fren 201 or equivalent.

FREN 203 Intermediate French III 4
Emphasis on conversational French. Normally offered only on SST. Prerequisite: Fren 201 or equivalent.

Global studies courses

GLST 241 Foundations 3
In the sequential SST format: This is the introductory course that is taken on campus and orients the students for their immersive courses and to the theme for the sequence of courses. It may introduce the students to an aspect of the particular culture that they will be encountering, a conceptual framework for understanding the theme or specific skills necessary for subsequent courses.

GLST 250 Cultural Perspectives 3
In the semester-long SST format: Students learn from a variety of perspectives as they relate to a new culture in an immersive context and, in the process, learn about themselves. This course develops understanding and skills for communicating and working collaboratively across cultures and encourages cultural humility critical for success working in the global community.

GLST 251 Cultural Perspectives 3
In the sequential SST format: Students learn from a variety of perspectives as they relate to a new culture in an immersive context and, in the process, learn about themselves. This course develops understanding and skills for communicating and working collaboratively across cultures and encourages cultural humility critical for success working in the global community.

GLST 260 Global Topics: 3
In the semester-long SST format: This is the course for the interdisciplinary academic content in the study portion of SST, including lectures, field trips and reading/writing . It will focus on one local theme or issue shaped by global forces. Students will explore a topical question historically, politically, sociologically, economically, environmentally and in the arts with local experts.

GLST 270 Community Eng Learning: 3
In the semester-long SST format: The course includes a volunteer placement in an immersive community setting with an organization that serves the community in the service portion of the semester, plus reflection on learnings and an immersive community research project. This real world mode of learning will help students develop their own sense of social responsibility in a cross­ cultural setting. The research project will use interview and participant-observation methodologies.

GLST 271 Community Engaged Learning 3
In the sequential SST format: This course includes a volunteer placement in an immersive community setting with an organization that serves the community, plus reflection on learnings and an immersive community reasech project. This real world mode of learning will allow students to practice responsible civic engagement in a cross-cultural setting. The research project will use interview and participant-observation methodologies.

GLST 300 Global Issues 3
In the sequential SST format: This is the capstone course for sequential SST and includes a final capstone project. It will focus on one local theme or issue shaped by global forces. Students will explore a topical question historically, politically, sociologically, economically, environmentally and in the arts with local experts.

GLST 305 SST Integration Capstone 2
In the semester-long SST format: This is the capstone course that begins in orientation, continues through the retreat on SST and finishes on campus after SST with a time for reflection, synthesis and preparing a capstone project that is publicly presented.

History courses

HIST 101 Ancient Roots of Cultures 3
An exploration of the origins of humanity's basic social institutions as they developed from earliest times up to 1300, in different ways in different areas of the world. The course also introduces the analysis of primary sources in reaching conclusions to our questions about origins, interactions and difference.

HIST 105 American History I 3
History of the American colonies and the United States through the Civil War and Reconstruction. Also introduces the study of history as an academic discipline.

HIST 204 What is the Good Life? 3
Why do humans long for utopia, yet consistently fail to produce it? To what extent do we assert our individual freedom in creating the communities we live in, and to what extent do we recognize our lives as resting on forces beyond our control? Is it still possible, in our postmodern context, to anticipate the future with hope? Drawn from five centuries of utopian thought, the readings, discussions and assignments in this course will focus on three general themes: human nature, human community, and human encounters with Transcendence. A Religious World course in the Goshen Core.

HIST 205 Immigration and American Identity 3
Once I thought to write a history of the immigrants in America. Then I discovered that the immigrants were American history,” historian Oscar Handlin quipped in 1951. This class follows this premise outside of the classroom, from Chicago to Notre Dame to Goshen to Shipshewana and Amish Country, interspersed with 4 sessions for on-campus reflection, reading, and project-based work. We will immerse ourselves in, and study, specific local religio-ethnic groups in order to enable a concrete experience. The understanding of these groups is the first learning goal of the class. The second one is to decenter the migration story away from current hot button political issues to help us understand that any American migration story, especially Midwestern ones, is part of a global story that has shaped all eras of American history from various points on the globe. Finally, the class calls on students to critically investigate their own identity in conversation with the other worlds they will encounter, construct their own journeys and boundaries, and critically interrogate the theme of global citizenship.

HIST 211 Revolution! 3
How does radical social, political and economic change occur and what are its consequences? Examines the major political "revolutions" in world history from the French Revolution to Cuba and beyond, as well as addressing the larger revolutionary changes since 1500, from the abolition of slavery to women's rights and independence from imperialism. A Social World course in the Goshen Core.

HIST 212 Thinking About the Dead 3
Why do we remember the past? How do we talk about those that have died and can't talk back anymore? How do we judge their good and terrible choices that still affect us? This course explores how wrestling with these big questions moves us beyond our degree, and connects us to meaningful careers and empathetic leadership by understanding ourselves and others better. It includes hands-on study about how, and what, our home culture chooses to remember today - and what it prefers to forget - including an exploration of the local history that surrounds us in Elkhart County. And it provides opportunities to become skillful in library and internet research, and to improve our writing and speaking skills. A Social World course in the Goshen Core.

HIST 214 American Culture Wars 3
Aren't the United States as divided as never before? Aren't those on the other political and cultural team not just wrong, but actually evil? And is there any way left to live a happy and authentic life and still care about politics and culture? This course explores the roots of America's current toxic divides from the 1950s onward, through the Cold War, the growth of suburbia, immigration, mass shootings, religious activism, ethnic and racial conflicts, and the digital revolution of the last decade - without picking sides or providing a middle ground. Instead, we will explore who benefits from our divides, ideas for a life beyond the outrage cycles, and learn to laugh about politics and ourselves again. A Social World course in the Goshen Core.

HIST 217 Geography and Culture 3
Survey of the world's geographic regions with emphasis on 1) the impact humans have had on the physical environment and 2) the origins of cultural variation in the world's regions. Includes regular discussion of current issues in world affairs and mapping skills. Required for students majoring in elementary education and secondary social studies.

HIST 218 Anabaptism in Global Context 3
The Anabaptist-Mennonite tradition has undergone a profound transformation during the past 50 years moving from a largely white, Euro-American denomination into a truly multi-cultural, global church. Drawing on the research projects of the Institute for the Study of Global Anabaptism and a wide range of primary and secondary sources, this class will explore the history, faith and practices of groups in the Anabaptist-Mennonite tradition, with a strong emphasis on the global church. How did this process of globalization come about? What are the challenges of identity, unity, and growth in a global church? What is the future of this tradition?

HIST 304 Renaissance and Reformation 3
Topical survey of European civilization in the period from about 1300 to 1550. Intellectual, cultural and religious changes will receive most attention.

HIST 313 Transpacific Perspective on Midwest 3
Situating the American Midwest in a larger context, this class introduces students to the language, terminology, key questions and central themes of the study of global migration through local communities. As a case study, it takes a transpacific, transnational, and hemispheric approach to the history of Asians in the Americas. The course explores the factors that led to a growing Asian presence in the Americas and how emigration affected Asian societies. Through these studies, the course critically examines the categories Asian and Asian American.

HIST 314 Modern China 3
Exploration of Chinese history with a view to understanding contemporary political, social, and economic developments. About one-third of the course looks at traditional Chinese society and culture, and the remainder examines developments since 1911 and especially since the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949.

HIST 315 War/Peace 20th Century Europe 3
Exploration of major European political, cultural, intellectual and economic developments since the 1890s. Major themes include: modernism, the onset of totalitarianism and totalitarian regimes in Europe and the Soviet Union, war as an agent of social change, the Cold War, the dissolution of Soviet-style communism in Eastern Europe and peace-making efforts throughout the century.

HIST 318 Anabaptist/Mennonite History 3
Introduction to Mennonite history and thought. About one-third of the course is devoted to Anabaptism. Special attention given to distinctive Anabaptist religious ideas, changes in Mennonite religious ideas and practice in Europe, migrations, contrasts in social-communal practices among Mennonites and related groups.

HIST 321 History of Mennonites in America 3
Emphasis on Mennonites as a people developing and interacting with the larger American society, using themes such as migration, community formation, beliefs, acculturation and pacifist citizenship in war and peace.

HIST 323 Colonial & Revolutionary America 3
Focus on cultural encounters and conflicts. Colonialism begs the question, how are cultures transported, replicated, and transformed? A look at contact between Europeans and Native Americans, between Europeans and Africans, between different European colonial projects, and finally between Anglo-American colonists and Britain. All involved sharp cultural conflict.

HIST 324 Slavery, Civil War & Reconstruction 3
Exploration of the central role of slavery in American society and politics, including its role in the Civil War and in Reconstruction. Other themes include the relationship of religion and war, postwar constructions of race and racism, and the memory of the Civil War.

HIST 326 Recent American History 3
A look at events that shaped the most recent generations of Americans. From grand expectations of the Civil Rights movement, faith in science, and the possibilities of affluence and social reform, society confronted the realities of Vietnam, Watergate and environmental destruction - producing cynicism, culture wars and continued efforts to balance liberty and equality.

HIST 327 U.S. Immigration and Ethnic History 3
An examination of the development of ethnic and racial identities in the United States, from the colonial period(s) to the present. Immigration patterns, forced migration, assimilation, ethnicization, nativism, family and gender dynamics, immigration and naturalization law and multicultural debates were important factors in these processes.

HIST 328 African-American History 3
Historical study of the experience of African-Americans as a group, especially their political and economic situations, their community life, some of their outstanding organizations and leaders, their forms of adjustment and resistance and their participation and contributions in U.S. life.

HIST 330 Gender in World History 3
A comparative studies in world history course. Looking at history from the perspective of gender and gender relations provides a new way of seeing historical change. This course takes case studies from the non-Western world and looks at the agency of women and men in determining their own future. Gendered history unsettles older historical paradigms and challenges our ethnocentric assumptions.

HIST 344 Latin American History 3
A study of the history of Latin America, with special emphasis on different regions and time periods according to the expertise of the professor.

HIST 345 Environmental History 3
A comparative studies in world history course. Exploration of human interaction with the environment over time particularly in the non-Western world. Examination of the material and ideological conditions which have led to preservation or destruction of the environment through a comparative case-study approach.

HIST 351 Representations in Public History 3
This is the second course in the Public History concentration. In studying a particular group of people, like Native Americans of the Southwest or Amish of Northern Indiana, the course investigates a critical issue in public history: how a community is represented and who gets to decide. We will visit museums, heritage sites, and local businesses, work with local people to hear their various perspectives on the issue, study their history and explore the ethical and legal issues involved in representation.

HIST 353 Public History 3
An introduction to the field of public history as a career and an approach to communicating and preserving historical knowledge. Students will complete applied local history projects to engage the history of this community and both the public history professionals and general public in the region. They will learn best practices in the field and apply them in field trips to local heritage sites.

HIST 375 Topics 3
Study on a selected topic in American or world history. Examples: History of the Southwest; Model United Nations. Students may be invited to help shape the topic.

HIST 400 Advanced Study 1 (1-4)
Special topics for majors and minors.

HIST 409 Internship 2
Using research, writing and organizational skills in a setting outside the classroom; deliberate reflection on the process of historical or legal inquiry.

HIST 410 Seminar: Historical Thinking 3
Philosophy and purposes of history; principles and methods of historical research; history and Christian faith; choice of a topic and bibliographical work and initial research on that topic. Course to be taken in the fall semester of the junior year. Required of all majors.

HIST 411 Seminar: Thesis 3
Continued research on topic chosen and presentation in forms of oral report and written thesis paper. Course to be taken in the spring semester of the senior year. Required of all majors. Prerequisite: Hist 410.

Interpreting courses

INT 210 Introduction to Interpreting 3
This course will allow students to explore the basic theories, principles and practices of the interpreting profession. Areas of study will include the history and ethics of the profession, national and local organizations as well as the role and responsibilities of the professional interpreter. Cognitive models of interpreting and Demand Control Schema will be introduced in preparation for ASL 301, Interpreting I. Prerequisite: ASL 201 or consent of instructor.

INT 230 Technology for Interpreters 1
This course will be devoted to developing a comprehensive electronic portfolio where students will integrate multiple academic projects and assignments completed during the program into a professional website to generate a significant presence in the field. Technology tools, such as apps, applicable to interpreters will be discussed.

INT 301 Interpreting 1 4
This course is designed to develop interpreting skills through the use of interactive video and out-of-class interpreting opportunities. The course also introduces the skills necessary to achieve message equivalency in interpreting. Students will differentiate contextual factors affecting language usage in the interpreting process, and will begin to demonstrate an ability to produce dynamic equivalence from source language to target language in both consecutive and simultaneous interpreting. Corequisite: ASL 307 or consent of instructor.

INT 302 Interpreting 2 4
This course continues the development of simultaneous ASL/English interpreting skills and provides extensive practice utilizing video and out-of-class interpreting opportunities. Students will use the skills previously learned such as: discourse mapping, demand control theory, techniques for language error analysis.Students will differentiate contextual factors affecting language usage in the interpreting process, and will begin to demonstrate an ability to produce dynamic equivalence from source language to target language in both consecutive and simultaneous interpreting. Prerequisite: ASL 301 or consent of instructor.

INT 310 Performance Interpreting 3 (1-3)
This course provides students with an experiential learning opportunity to interpret plays on campus and in collaboration with area theaters. Students will work with the instructor and peers to analyze scripts, assign roles, translate the dialogue, and interpret the plays. Students may register for 1-3 credits. This course may be repeated. Corequisites: ASL 307 and INT 301.

INT 320 Sign to Voice Interpreting 4
The course introduces theory and skills of interpreting from sign to spoken English. Topics include ways to increase both ASL and English vocabulary, text analysis, voice tone and register, word choices, and the process of sign to voice interpreting. The course also introduces the skills necessary to achieve message equivalency when interpreting into spoken English. The student will differentiate contextual factors affecting language usage in the interpreting process, and will begin to demonstrate an ability to produce dynamic equivalence from source language to target language. Prerequisite: INT 301 or consent of instructor.

INT 380 The Deaf Community: Subcultures 3
This course will introduce students to subcultures and cultural groups within the broader Deaf community such as Black Deaf culture, Latino Deaf culture, LGBTQ Deaf, DeafBlind. The course will also discuss working with people within the Deaf community who are dealing with mental health issues, developmental disabilities or physical disabilities (especially those which may interfere with communication). Prerequisite: For Deaf Studies majors: ASL 320 or consent of the instructor. For Sign Language Interpreting majors: INT 302 or consent of the instructor.

INT 401 Interpreting 3 4
This course provides extensive hands-on practice using skills, strategies, and techniques learned in previous interpreting courses. The course will focus onVoice to Sign, Sign to Voice, and interactive interpreting using a wide variety of topics. Students will continue to analyze their own work as well as give feedback to classmates. Emphasis is on student awareness and control of the interpreted text, depth of processing and analysis of interpreted events. Correct sign production and ASL sentence structure are expected at this level. During this course students will also apply for internship opportunities. Prerequisite: INT 320 and INT 302 or consent of instructor.

INT 403 Medical Interpreting 4
This course is for those working on the Healthcare Interpreting Certificate. It continues working on interpreting in more advanced medical settings and increasing medical terminology and interpreting in areas such as cardiology, oncology, surgery, emergency, and mental health appointments. Complex ethical issues will be addressed. This course includes critical analysis of medical discourse with an emphasis on advanced medical conditions, treatments, and procedures.

INT 405 Transliterating 3
This course focuses on transferring information from spoken or written English into Conceptually Accurate signed English (CASE) and from signed English into spoken English. Students will practice transliterating skills through various planned and unplanned situations. Issues related to educational interpreting will be explored in-depth. Prerequisite: INT 302 or consent of instructor.

INT 407 Interpreting Ethics 3
This course will deal with practical and ethical issues in interpreting, decision-making, assignment assessment, environment management, politics and procedures within agencies and organizations. Students will be expected to integrate what they have learned about culture, cross cultural communication, ethics and critical thinking, and apply this knowledge to the field of Sign Language Interpreting. The course will cover ethical scenarios, interpreter liability, working in multicultural situations, and power, privilege and oppression. Prerequisite: INT 301. Corequisite: INT 302 or consent of instructor.

INT 409 Interpreting Internship 12
The semester-long interpreting internship is the capstone of the Goshen College SLI curriculum. The internship integrates the knowledge, values and skills students have acquired over their years of study. Through the internship students are given the opportunity to experience the various tasks, situations and responsibilities professional interpreters encounter. In these hands-on settings, supervised by an interpreting mentor, students can apply the knowledge and practice the skills necessary to perform their future jobs effectively. Internship typically takes place during the first 12 weeks of spring semester of the senior year. Prerequisites: INT 401, 403, 405 and 407. Corequisite: INT 410.

INT 410 Senior Seminar 1
Students reflect on ethical dilemmas, problems or conflicts encountered during their semester-long internship (INT 409), with the goal of learning and growing from the collective discussion and experiences. In addition, students will set goals for themselves related to career, vocation and job procurement and create tools to assist in achieving their goals following graduation. Prerequisite: INT 401, 403, 405 and 407. Corequisite: INT 409.

INT 411 Practicum I 2
Practicum 1 occurs during the spring semester of Transition to Interpreting. Students will begin working with an interpreting mentor in a local school or in the community. This begins the process of integrating the knowledge and skills they are learning in their interpreting classes. During Practicum 1 students will observe their mentor and other interpreters in professional settings as well as begin to interpret low risk situations supervised by an interpreting mentor. Prerequisites: INT 301. Corequisites: INT 302 and INT 320.

INT 412 Practicum II 2
Practicum 2 occurs during the final fall semester of Transition to Interpreting. Working with a mentor in the community or area school, students will have the opportunity to experience various tasks, situations, and responsibilities professional interpreters encounter. In these hands-on settings, supervised by an interpreting mentor, students can apply the knowledge and practice the skills necessary to perform their future jobs effectively. Prerequisites: INT 301, INT 302, INT 320, INT 411 Corequisites: INT 401, INT 405 and INT 407.

Kinesiology courses

KIN 102 First Aid & CPR 1
The course provides an introduction to first aid, practical experience in basic first aid skills, and first aid for specific sport injuries. Successful completion of the course and passing the ARC certification exam will result in certification for one year. Students need to pay a fee to the American Red Cross for certification.

KIN 103 Basic Athletic Training 2
This course is valuable to anyone who plans to coach or pursue future certification in athletic training. Topics covered include: emergency procedures, evaluation and management of injuries to the foot, ankle, knee, shoulder, elbow and hand. Students learn taping techniques.

KIN 200 Aerobic Conditioning 1
This course is designed to provide foundational knowledge in a variety of modes of aerobic conditioning including running, cycling, using aerobic machines and aerobic classes in preparation for upper level classes in exercise science. Students learn basic information about determining appropriate intensities and progressions for training. Ability to complete aerobic workouts is necessary for this class. In consideration of avoiding overtraining for athletes, the intensity may be modified but the expectation for activity remains.

KIN 206 Badminton 1
Badminton

KIN 210 Canoeing/Backpacking 1
Canoeing/Backpacking. Offered infrequently.

KIN 214 Cross Country Skiing 1
Minimum 20 hours of ski time required for credit, in addition to class time and homework assignments. Students must provide own cross country skis and poles. Students will ski during class and outside of class when snow is present. Offered infrequently.

KIN 216 Cycling 1
Students must provide a working bicycle for this class as they will build from 5 miles rides to 15-20 mile rides.

KIN 218 Golf 1
Golf

KIN 222 Gymnastics: Tumbling 1
Gymnastics: Tumbling. Offered infrequently.

KIN 224 International Folk Dance 1
International Folk Dance

KIN 226 Life Guard Training 1
Life Guard Training. Offered infrequently.

KIN 230 Racquetball 1
Racquetball

KIN 232 Beginning Swimming 1
Beginning Swimming

KIN 234 Advanced Swimming 1
Advanced Swimming. Offered infrequently.

KIN 236 Beginning Tennis 1
Tennis instruction.

KIN 238 Beginning Volleyball 1
Volleyball instruction. Offered infrequently.

KIN 240 Water Safety Instruction 2
Water Safety Instruction. Offered infrequently.

KIN 242 Weight Training 1
Weight Training. (Women's weight training or COED)

KIN 250 Introduction to Kinesiology 3
This course provides an introduction to kinesiology and sub-disciplinary areas of study in the field. An overview and history of kinesiology, physical education, sport and exercise science is included as is a review of various careers in the majors offered.

KIN 251 Officiating 1
In this course, students will learn about and practice skills for sport officiating, refereeing and umpiring. Some class activities will focus on volleyball, basketball, soccer or baseball/softball, however, each student will complete focused assignments on their particular sport of interest. In depth knowledge of rules for the sport of choice will be required. Additionally, students will practice professional skills (decision making, hand signals, communication, handling disputes, etc.) by officiating actual games. This practical component is a required part of the course.

KIN 255 Camping and Recreation 3
Students will have hands-on experience in an outdoor recreational setting. They will learn a variety of skills including: trip planning, map and compass reading, environmental care and study, spiritual growth and leadership skills. Other skills will be related specifically to either backpacking and/or canoeing. Offered infrequently.

KIN 259 Intercollegiate Softball 1
For varsity athletes competing in Intercollegiate Softball. A CR/NC course.

KIN 260 Intercollegiate Baseball 1
For varsity athletes competing in Intercollegiate Baseball. A CR/NC course.

KIN 261 Intercollegiate Basketball 1
For varsity athletes competing in Intercollegiate Basketball. A CR/NC course.

KIN 262 Intercollegiate Cross Country 1
For varsity athletes competing in Intercollegiate Cross Country. A CR/NC course.

KIN 263 Intercollegiate Bowling 1
For varsity athletes competing in Intercollegiate Bowling. A CR/NC course.

KIN 265 Intercollegiate Soccer 1
A varsity athlete competing in Intercollegiate Soccer. A CR/NC course.

KIN 266 Intercollegiate Tennis 1
A varsity athlete competing in Intercollegiate Tennis. A CR/NC course.

KIN 267 Intercollegiate Track 1
A varsity athlete competing in Intercollegiate Track. A CR/NC course.

KIN 268 Intercollegiate Volleyball 1
A varsity athlete competing in Intercollegiate Volleyball. A CR/NC course.

KIN 269 Sports Medicine Practicum 1
For this practicum, the student will work with the Head Athletic Trainer, expanding first aid and CPR proficiencies and completing basic duties in the training room with sports teams. The level of responsibility assigned will be individualized based on certifications, knowledge base and experience. Prerequisite: KIN 103.

KIN 308 Teaching Sport Skills & Strategies 3
This is an applied course focusing on teaching skill techniques and strategies in a variety of sports. Content includes theory, best practice in secondary level pedagogy and skill content. There is a special focus on organization and management for teaching, skill progressions, and common problems/corrections of basic and intermediate-level skills and tactics.

KIN 309 Physical Education for Children 3 (2-3)
This class focuses on philosophy, methods and materials for teaching physical education to children. Some field experience with children included. While this course is open to any student, there is a clear focus on preparing students to teach elementary physical education.

KIN 310 Introduction to Sport Management 3
This course provides an introduction to sport management and administration focusing on areas of legal responsibility, personnel, finance, public relations, equipment, facilities, intramurals and athletics.

KIN 311 Physical Educ Teaching Internship 3
This course is designed to give additional opportunities for field experience for students who want or need it prior to student teaching. Prerequisite: Kin 308 or 309.

KIN 315 Applied Biomechanics 3
This course focuses on the description and analysis of human movement from anatomical and mechanical perspectives. Laws and principles from anatomy and physics that govern the use of the human body, objects and implements are applied to the analysis of exercises and sport skill techniques. Material in this course builds on knowledge of the names and actions of muscles. Prerequisite: Biol 130 or 203.

KIN 317 Exercise Physiology 4
In this course, students study how the human body responds during various kinds of exercise and how it adapts as a result of a regular exercise program. The course includes an analysis of neuromuscular activity, circulation, respiration and metabolism as it applies to the trained and untrained. Lab component is required. Prerequisite: Biol 130 or 203.

KIN 320 Adaptive Physical Activity & Sport 3
This course, required for all physical education teacher licensure and general physical education majors, will examine attitudes, methods, techniques, and special considerations important in addressing physical activity needs and interests of children and adolescents with disabilities. Critical aspects of motor development will be studied early in the semester, followed by aspects of quality teaching and leadership in adaptive and inclusive physical activity settings. A field placement is required as part of the class.

KIN 330 Motor Learning 3
This course addresses concepts in the sub-discipline of motor behavior, primarily focusing on motor learning theory and psychological variables in the acquisition of motor skills. In completing this course, students will examine the nature of the learner, the learning process, the skill context, and characteristics of the task to gain information for the design of optimal motor skill learning experiences and practice.

KIN 345 Theory & Techniques of Coaching 3
The course will present an overview of basic theories and coaching applications, including topics such as philosophy, psychology, ethics, practice and game preparation. This course includes preparation for and an opportunity to take the American Sport Education Program certification exam (ASEP). Students must pass the ASEP exam (in one or two attempts) to receive a passing grade in the class. ASEP materials must be purchased by students.

KIN 350 Sport Culture and Psychology 3
Sport has been and continues to be an integral part of culture and tradition in every country in the world. In this course we examine the role sport plays in society, the culture of sport and team as well as some selected psychological aspects in sport. Theory and conceptual frameworks will be used in the sociological analysis of sport and the exploration of aspects of sport psychology. Topics include: influence of sport in culture, sport for political assertion and social advancement, team dynamics, role clarity, communication, cohesion, competition and cooperation, aggression and psychological aspects related to team and individual performance.

KIN 351 Event Management Practicum 1
Student works closely with the director of athletics and event managers in event management. Most events will be athletic or intramural events, but others occurring in physical activity and sport may be included. As much as possible, student outcomes are evaluated by the supervisor including leadership, communication, and collaboration with a variety of parties. The student is expected to participate as a leader at the event, hosting guests in an appropriate manner, enforcing policy, and participating in a variety of operational aspects to make the event go smoothly. Prerequisite: KIN 310.

KIN 352 Personal Training Practicum 1
Students will work with a certified personal trainer to conduct basic fitness screenings and assessments, and then to develop programs with clients based on their goals and interests. The student will phase into full responsibility for conducting personal training sessions with individual clients under the guidance of the expert. Prerequisite: Kin 400 Exercise Prescription.

KIN 353 Group Instruction Practicum 1
In this practicum experience students will work with a group fitness instructor in leading exercise classes such as aerobic dance, step aerobics, spinning, conditioning, strength and flexibility classes. Student will study techniques for directing classes and will phase into full responsibility for fitness class. Prerequisite: Kin 200.

KIN 354 Facility Management Practicum 1
Students work with a supervisor or director of the Roman-Gingerich Recreation and Fitness Center in management aspects of this facility. Content is based in sport management (Kin 310) areas of facility design, maintenance and administration. Responsibilities include scheduling of rooms, communication and customer service activities with clients (community and student), financial transaction, problem-solving, and policy enforcement among others. Prerequisite: Kin 310 Sport Management.

KIN 360 Teaching Health Concepts 3
The majority of the class will focus on content knowledge development on identified health concepts and the pedagogical aspects of teaching health. Students will be required to develop lesson plans linked to K-12 health standards and will practice specific methods of teaching health in the classroom. Offered every other year.

KIN 375 Exercise Testing 2
In this course, students learn exercise testing protocols, procedures and techniques. Content includes knowledge development and practice of a wide variety of tests for different populations. Ideally, this course should be taken prior to KIN 400: Exercise Prescription since the material is closely associated. Certification may require additional materials and study time.

KIN 400 Exercise Prescription 3
Students will learn how to to practice personal training with individual clients. Content includes how to conduct basic health screenings and practical fitness appraisals for the purpose of developing appropriate fitness programs for individuals. The emphasis will be on professional practice, working with a client to assist them in achieving fitness goals, exercise compliance, and health behavior change. Issues of liability in exercise settings will be addressed.

KIN 405 Sport Event & Facility Management 3
This course focuses on management theory, principles and practices in the context of sport facility and event management. Students will acquire knowledge, skills and dispositions important for professional management in various types of sport facilities and for directing sport events. Related practical professional skills are also developed in the KIN 354: Facility Management practicum experiences.

KIN 409 Internship 3
A practical experience related to the student's interest and ability. This professional experience ccurs in an off-campus setting as establishing community and career connections is valued. For non-teaching majors only.

KIN 410 Senior Seminar 3
A capstone kinesiology class focused on career or graduate school preparation and completion of a major project. The course includes an introduction to research methods and descriptive and inferential statistics in kinesiology. Course includes the consideration of professional and ethical issues. Required for all kinesiology majors.

KIN 415 School and Community Health 3
An overview of community health issues and agencies. Also, components of a Coordinated School Health Program (CSHP) including comprehensive school health education, physical education, school health services, nutrition services, counseling and social services, healthy school environment, school-site health promotion for staff, family and community involvement.

KIN 420 Health Practicum 2
Students will work with the supervisor to set up experiences of interest in a health related setting. If the student is in teacher licensure, this practicum must be completed in a K-12 school setting teaching health and connecting with several different units identified in the Coordinated School Health Program. Prerequisite: Kin 360 or 415.

Mathematics courses

MATH 105 Practical Math Concepts 3
Students will interpret, create, and value quantitative information in personal, professional, and societal contexts to solve problems, understand phenomena, draw conclusions, and make decisions. The types of quantitative information students will be able to interpret and create include computations, measurements and units, ratios, proportions, rates, estimates, bar charts, histograms, scatter plots, trend lines, linear and exponential functions, tables, finances, probability, descriptive statistics, and spreadsheets. Meets the Quantitative Literacy requirement in the Goshen Core.

MATH 115 Applied Algebra 3
An introduction to mathematical modeling using graphical, numerical, symbolic, and verbal techniques to describe and explore real-world data and phenomena. Emphasis is on the use of elementary functions to investigate and analyze applied problems and questions, supported by the use of appropriate technology, and on effective communication of quantitative concepts and results. Recommended background: two years of high school algebra and/or geometry or Math 105. Meets the Quantitative Literacy requirement in the Goshen Core.

MATH 131 Elementary School Math Concepts I 3
This course provides an in-depth look at arithmetic topics in order to prepare future educators for teaching mathematics in an elementary school setting. Topics include number theory, alternative base and number systems, arithmetic properties, traditional and alternative computational algorithms, and proportional relationships. A particular emphasis will be placed on conceptual understanding, reasoning, problem solving, and communicating mathematical ideas.

MATH 132 Elementary School Math Concepts II 3
This course provides an in-depth look at geometric topics in order to prepare future educators for teaching mathematics in an elementary school setting. Topics include Euclidean geometry, geometric figures in two and three dimensions, symmetry, similarity, transformations in the plane, and measurement. A particular emphasis will be placed on conceptual understanding, reasoning, problem solving, and communicating mathematical ideas.

MATH 170 Functions, Data, and Models 4
Symbolic, graphical, numerical, and verbal representations of functions to model real-world phenomena and the use of data to fit and verify models. Recommended background: three years of high school algebra and geometry or Math 115. Meets the Quantitative Literacy requirement in the Goshen Core.

MATH 205 Discrete Mathematics 3
An introduction to mathematical thinking and reasoning. Topics include number systems and arithmetic, logic and Boolean algebra, functions and relations, set theory, algorithms, combinatorics and probability, matrices, and elementary graph theory. An emphasis is placed on problem solving and proof techniques. Recommended background: four years of high school mathematics, including some calculus or Math 211.

MATH 211 Calculus I 4
Concepts of calculus emphasizing applications in the natural and social sciences. Topics include differential calculus of one and two variables, integration, and differential equations. Prerequisites: three and one-half units of high school mathematics including trigonometry or Math 170. Meets the Quantitative Literacy requirement in the Goshen Core.

MATH 212 Calculus II 4
Theory and applications of single variable calculus with an emphasis on writing clear explanations and proofs. Topics include real numbers, limits, derivatives, integrals, antidifferentiation techniques, function approximation, sequences, and series. Prerequisite: A grade of C or higher in Math 211 or an equivalent course.

MATH 213 Multivariate Calculus 4
Differentiation and integration of functions of two and three variables and an introduction to vector calculus. Topics include optimization, vector fields, line and surface integrals, Green's Theorem. Also includes complex variables and Fourier series. Prerequisite: Math 211.

MATH 233 Statistical Models 3
An introduction to the practice and theory of multivariate statistical modeling. Topics include descriptive statistics, experiment and study design, probability, hypothesis testing, multivariate regression, single and multi-way analysis of variance, logistic regression, and data mining. The R statistical software environment will be used extensively. Examples will be drawn from the social, biological, and physical sciences. Recommended background: three years of high school algebra and geometry or Math 115.

MATH 250 Game Theory 3
Mathematical models of interactions among players: people, companies, nations, or genes. Concepts include strategy, preferences, equilibrium, efficiency, solutions, and fairness properties. Applications to biology, business, economics, politics, psychology, and theology are explored. Math 250 and Math 350 are taught simultaneously. Math 250 emphasizes modeling and application of techniques. Prerequisite: Math 170.

MATH 301 Linear Algebra 3
Linear systems of equations, vector spaces, linear transformations, matrices, determinants, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, inner products, computational aspects, and applications. Prerequisite: Math 211 and either Math 205 or 212.

MATH 302 Abstract Algebra 3
An introduction to algebraic structures such as groups, rings and fields. Prerequisite: Math 211 and either Math 205 or 212.

MATH 305 Modern Geometry 3
A survey of geometrics. Comparison of Euclidean, hyperbolic, elliptical, and projective geometries. Integral and fractional dimension; transformation groups; implications for computer graphics. Prerequisite: Math 211 and either Math 205 or 212.

MATH 311 Real Analysis 3
A rigorous study of the real numbers, functions involving real numbers, limits, sums, differentiation, integration, sequences, series, and function convergence. Prerequisite: Math 211 and either Math 205 or 212.

MATH 321 Differential Equations 3
The solution and application of ordinary differential equations; analytic solutions for linear systems; qualitative behavior of nonlinear systems; approximation and computer methods. Prerequisite: Math 211.

MATH 323 Probability and Statistics 3
An introduction to the theory, practice and computer simulation of probability and statistics. Data exploration, sample spaces, random variables, probability distributions and their derivations, probability simulations and statistical inference. Prerequisite: Math 211 and either Math 205 or 212.

MATH 350 Advanced Game Theory 3
Math 250 and 350 are taught simultaneously. Math 350 emphasizes derivation and justification for game theory techniques. Prerequisite: Math 211 and either Math 205 or 212.

MATH 351 Mathematical Modeling 3
The modeling process, built around a study of applications from a variety of both social as well as natural sciences. A variety of mathematical and computing techniques will be employed including discrete structures, probability, calculus, differential equations and algorithms. Completion of modeling projects will be a major component of the course. Prerequisites: COSC 216, and one of Math 213, 301, 321, or 323.

MATH 355 Graph Theory 3
An introduction to the concepts and techniques of graph theory with application to diverse areas such as management, computers, circuitry, communications, and social networks. Topics covered include graphs and digraphs, paths and circuits, graph and digraph algorithms, trees, cliques, planarity, duality and colorability. Prerequisite: Math 211 and either Math 205 or 212.

MATH 375 Special Topics 3
Classroom study of selected topics in mathematics. Topics may include: theory of computation, cryptography, complex analysis, numerical analysis, number theory, combinatorics. May be repeated. Offered according to demand. Prerequisite: Upper-level status and consent of instructor.

MATH 390 Problem Solving Seminar 1
The problem-solving process in the context of nonroutine problems, including a wide variety of general heuristics for approaching such problems. May be repeated. Prerequisite: Math 205 or 212.

MATH 409 Project/Internship 3 (0-3)
Project designed to give the student practical experience in mathematics. Each student's project is individually arranged with the instructor. Arrangements must be made at least one semester in advance.

MATH 411 Seminar:History 1
A brief survey of the history of mathematics. Prerequisite: Junior of Senior standing.

MATH 412 Seminar:Connections 1
A study of the interconnections among mathematics, other disciplines, ethics, careers, and society. Prerequisite: Math 205, 212, and two upper level Math courses.

MATH 413 Seminar:Discoveries 1
An examination of an open mathematical question and presentation of results in written and oral form. Prerequisites: Math 205, 212, and two upper level Math courses.

Music courses

MUS 102 Foundations of Music Theory 2
An introduction to the reading and interpretation of musical notation for those with limited experience. The development of basic aural and keyboard skills, along with exposure to musical forms and styles will also be included. Intended as preparation for Mus 201-202 and as an exploratory experience for all aspiring musicians. Prerequisite: a fundamental ability to read music. Pre-requisite: a fundamental ability to read music.

MUS 201 Music Theory 4
This course develops skills in analysis and composition to learn melodic, contrapuntal, harmonic, motivic, and formal principles of music towards a stronger theoretical understanding of how music is constructed. Although a variety of styles will be explored and used as examples, course materials focus on the "Common Practice Era", Western music's Baroque (1600-1750) and Classical (1750-1825) periods. The course begins with a review of foundational music theory concepts and moves through triads and seventh chords, melodic embellishments, partwriting in four-voice structure, figured bass, and diatonic harmony. The Keyboard Skills lab develops functional keyboard skills, as well as basic musicianship skills with emphasis on ear playing, reading, harmonizing, transposing, improvising, technique, and repertoire. The Aural Skills lab develops abilities in sight singing using the solfeggi system, rhythm reading, dictation, and improvisation. Each lab meets once per week. Prerequisite: must be able to read and perform music.

MUS 202 Music Theory 4
A continuation of Mus 201, this course continues the study of Western music theory via analysis and composition activities. Concepts studied include phrase structure, linear dominant chords, predominant and linear harmonic functions, melodic figuration and dissonance, deeper exploration of diatonic harmonies, the leading-tone and other seventh chords, harmonic sequences, secondary dominants, and tonicization/modulation. Participation in the keyboard and aural-skills labs is required (.5 credit hours each). Prerequisite: Mus 201. The Keyboard Skills lab develops functional keyboard skills, as well as basic musicianship skills with emphasis on ear playing, reading, harmonizing, transposing, improvising, technique, and repertoire. The Aural Skills lab develops abilities in sight singing using the solfeggi system, rhythm reading, dictation, and improvisation. Each lab meets once per week.

MUS 204 Survey of Music Literature 3
Designed to follow a year of music theory and precede the study of music history, this course presents an introduction to the basic style periods in Western music literature and acquaints the student with the main forms, composers and masterworks of those epochs.

MUS 206 Music Theater:Story and Song 3
This course examines the varied stories, and their musical dramatic portrayals, in selected examples from music theater, from Monteverdi's Orfeo to the more recent musical adaptation of Victor Hugo's Les Miserables and beyond. The complex problem that acts as a backdrop for this course is to investigate how the elements of musical theater express a particular dramatic circumstance, with respect to either individual songs/arias, and more generally to the dramatic narrative of an entire work. We will examine elements specifically related to music theater as singing styles, musical idioms, the use of movement, and acting techniques. Classes will participate in one field trip to either a concert or live musical. An Artistic World course in the Goshen Core.

MUS 208 Piano Pedagogy I 3
This introductory course in the piano pedagogy sequence focuses on the beginning student and on the materials and teaching techniques most effective for this level of instruction. The course includes weekly lecture-discussion sessions, observation of class and private instruction, and the supervised teaching of weekly private lessons.

MUS 209 Music Field Experience 1 (1-3)
On-campus internships supervised by a professor. May include arts administration, audio recording technology, church music, private teaching or other fields.

MUS 210 Elementary Music Methods 3
This course is designed for teaching general music at the elementary level for elementary and music education majors. The course will introduce students to traditional and current methodologies of classroom music instruction. Emphasis on lesson planning, scope and sequence of a K-5 music program, and exploration of diverse repertoire utilizing singing and instruments. Pre-requisite: Educ 201. (Offered in odd years)

MUS 212 Intro to Conducting 1
An introductory conducting course that focuses on elementary beat patterns, use of breath and gesture of intent to start and stop musical groups, and simple cueing of parts. Basic music-reading skills are required. Non-majors are welcome.

MUS 218 Music and Social Change 3
This class will examine principles of social change and the role music plays in social movements with a particular focus on social movements working toward racial justice. The course will address questions such as these: How has our understanding of race changed over time? How did these changes occur and how is musical praxis connected? How do our musical practices sustain or interrupt unjust systems? An artistic world course in the GC Core.

MUS 220 Building Community Through Music 2
In this course, students will will explore ways in which music education can serve as a tool for building community, learning about community-based music teaching through the lens of the El Sistema music education philosophy. Students will learn about the key principles of El Sistema, critically analyze the concept of community-building, and examine best practices in community music teaching. Throughout the course students will engage with the ECoSistema music and youth development program as well as practitioners in the El Sistema field, gaining hands-on experiences and tools to take with them into their study of music education. (Offered in odd years).

MUS 231 Lyric Diction for Singers 2
This course is a diction survey course that gives the student an understanding of the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) and its application to sung diction. After becoming proficient with IPA symbols through the study of English diction, students will learn basic pronunciation rules for the other major western classical singing languages: Italian, German, and French. Students will learn diction rules and their application through board-work, singing/reciting in groups and as soloists, and extensive workbook exercises that incorporate texts from the standard vocal literature.

MUS 240 Class Voice: Contemporary Styles 1
Breathing, diction and other beginning techniques of voice production learned through exercise and song. Musical and dramatic interpretation studied within a singing performance setting. This course serves as a prerequisite for private applied voice study for students without previous vocal instruction. Exceptions are determined by the voice faculty.

MUS 250 Class Piano 2 (1-2)
This course is intended as a continuation of the Piano Lab sequence associated with Music Theory to continue to prepare students for the piano proficiency exam. Skill development in ear playing, reading, transposition, harmonization, improvisation, technique and repertoire.

MUS 259 Steel Drum Ensemble 0 (0-1)
Instrumental performing ensemble. Previous steel pan experience not required, but encouraged. Available to students of all musical skills and backgrounds, however the ability to read standard notation in treble and/or bass clef is required. Rehearses once a week and performs a minimum of two times each semester. The Steel Drum Ensemble performs a wide variety of music including classical, world, pop, and traditional soca.

MUS 260 Chamber Music 1
Designed as an avenue to explore the intricacies of small ensemble playing. A pre-approved chamber group receives chamber coaching and general supervision with a music professor. The class is open to vocalists and instrumentalists.

MUS 261 Jazz Ensemble 0 (0-1)
Lavender Jazz is Goshen College's jazz ensemble. The group plays classic jazz standards and styles, such as swing, blues, waltz, mambo, cha cha and funk. Lavender Jazz performs one concert per semester in Sauder Concert Hall and performs occasionally off-campus for community events like the city of Goshen October First Friday. Other performance opportunities for the members of Lavender Jazz include performing in a jazz combo recital in Rieth Recital Hall once per semester. Both the jazz ensemble and jazz combos are frequently asked to perform for both community and private events.

MUS 262 Staged Music Scenes 0 (0-1)
Staged Music Scenes is open to music majors and nonmajors by audition, and may be taken with or without credit. Fully staged, complete productions of operas and musicals alternate with productions of programs presenting opera, operetta, or musical theater scenes. Students are taught stage movement, character development, and solo/ensemble singing that enhances their ability to perform onstage.

MUS 263 Wind Ensemble 0 (0-1)
Wind and brass students must register for both Wind Ensemble and Orchestra.

MUS 265 Composition 2
Composition

MUS 269 Percussion 2
Percussion

MUS 270 Cello 2
Cello

MUS 271 Organ 2
Organ

MUS 272 Piano 2
Piano

MUS 273 Viola 2
Viola

MUS 274 Violin 2
Violin

MUS 275 Voice 2
Voice.

MUS 277 Flute 2
Flute

MUS 278 Bassoon 2
Bassoon

MUS 279 Oboe 2
Oboe

MUS 281 French Horn 2
French Horn

MUS 282 Trumpet 2
Trumpet

MUS 283 Clarinet 2
Clarinet

MUS 284 String Bass 2
String Bass

MUS 286 Guitar 2
Guitar

MUS 287 Saxophone 2
Saxophone

MUS 288 Harpsichord 2
Harpsichord

MUS 292 Symphony Orchestra 0 (0-1)
The Goshen College Symphony Orchestra presents concerts of major orchestral works from the Baroque to contemporary periods of music each semester. In addition, it collaborates with the choirs for various performances and student winners of the annual Concerto-Aria competition. The orchestra also performs in the department's annual Festival of Carols program and hosts world-renowned guest soloists and composers. The orchestra is open to all students by audition, regardless of major.

MUS 293 Vox Profundi 0 (0-1)
Vox Profundi is an auditioned group of tenors and basses representing a wide variety of academic majors. Vox Profundi performs music from all genres and time periods with special emphasis on sacred a cappella literature. The group performs in numerous on-campus concerts and occasional off-campus concerts each year, as well as on periodic tours. In addition to singing low voice repertoire, they regularly combine in concert with Voices of the Earth and with orchestra to present standard choral/orchestral literature.

MUS 294 Voices of the Earth 0 (0-1)
Voices of the Earth is an auditioned group of 55-70 treble-voiced singers representing a wide variety of academic majors. Its focus is the authentic performance of music from many cultures and countries. The choir performs in numerous on-campus and off-campus concerts each year, and tours routinely. In addition to singing world music repertoire, Voices of the Earth regularly combines in concert with other Goshen College Choirs and Symphony Orchestra to present standard choral/orchestral literature.

MUS 295 Harp 2
Harp

MUS 296 Trombone 2
Trombone

MUS 297 Tuba/Euphonium 2
Tuba/Euphonium

MUS 301 History of Music 3
This survey of Western Music from antiquity through the death of J.S. Bach will focus on the following desired outcomes: 1) Develop a deeper understanding for the musical styles, genres, and composers from antiquity through the Baroque in Western music history, 2) To understand the most significant historical, philosophical, and artistic influences on music from the time of antiquity through the death of J.S. Bach, and 3) To intellectually grasp the major principles and models for musical expression in the above time periods. Prerequisite: Mus 201-202, 204 or permission of instructor. (Offered in odd years.)

MUS 302 History of Music 3
This survey of Western Music from early classicism through the 21th century will focus on the following desired outcomes: 1) To develop a deeper understanding for the musical styles, genres, and composers from the beginnings of classicism through the present, 2) To understand the most significant historical, philosophical, and artistic influences on music from the classicism of the 18th century to the present, and 3) To intellectually grasp the major principles and models for musical expression in the above time periods. Note: Students should make every attempt to take MUS 301 before 302 as several important concepts carry over from the earlier time periods into those discussed in MUS 302. Prerequisite: Mus 201-202, 204 or permission of instructor. (Offered in odd years)

MUS 303 Advanced Music Theory 3
Introduction to chromatic harmony through the study of hierarchy of chords and modulation procedures of the Classical period. Analysis of complex forms of the Baroque and the Classical periods. Formal and harmonic studies of works by Bach, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Prerequisites: Mus 201-202, 204, or permission of instructor or department chair. (Offered in even years)

MUS 304 Advanced Music Theory 3
Study of chromatic harmony through altered chords and modulation procedures of the late 18th and 19th centuries. Formal and harmonic analysis of works from the Romantic period. Introduction of the atonal theory. Studies of 20th century works and compositional techniques therein. Continuation of formal analysis of atonal works. Prerequisites: Mus 303. (Offered in even years)

MUS 305 String Methods & Materials 1
Designed for music education majors and students who are interested in learning how to play and teach stringed instruments. Students will develop proficient playing techniques in violin, viola, cello, and double bass that will allow them to adequately provide instruction to students in grades 5-12. There is a focus on pedagogical approaches and strategies for each instrument that include both individual and large-ensemble instruction. The course will provide students with specific materials and resources (method books, etude books, repertoire, etc.) appropriate for use with students in grades 5-12. (Offered in odd years)

MUS 306 Woodwind Methods & Materials 1
Designed for music education majors and students who are interested in learning how to play and teach woodwind instruments. Students will develop proficient playing techniques in flute, oboe, bassoon, clarinet, and saxophone that will allow them to adequately provide instruction to students in grades 5-12. There is a focus on pedagogical approaches and strategies for each instrument that include both individual and large-ensemble instruction. The course will provide students with specific materials and resources (method books, etude books, repertoire, etc.) appropriate for use with students in grades 5-12. (Offered in odd years)

MUS 307 Brass Methods & Materials 1
Designed for music education majors and students who are interested in learning how to play and teach brass instruments. Students will develop proficient playing techniques in trumpet, horn, trombone, euphonium, and tuba that will allow them to adequately provide instruction to students in grades 5-12. There is a focus on pedagogical approaches and strategies for each instrument that include both individual and large-ensemble instruction. The course will provide students with specific materials and resources (method books, etude books, repertoire, etc.) appropriate for use with students in grades 5-12. (Offered in even years)

MUS 308 Vocal Methods & Pedagogy 2
Required of all music-education majors and strongly recommended for all students with a voice concentration. Study of basic concepts of singing in both the private voice studio and class setting with the goal of assisting students in becoming effective teachers of singing. Emphases will include review of basic singing technique, vocal physiology, drill in diagnosis and correction of vocal problems, diction and vocalizing for desired results. There will be a fieldwork dimension to this class. (Offered in odd years)

MUS 309 Percussion Methods & Materials 1
Designed for music education majors and students who are interested in learning how to play and teach instruments in the percussion family. Students will learn fundamentals of percussion technique with attention to preparing to provide instruction to students in grades 5-12. There is a focus on pedagogical approaches and strategies for each instrument that include both individual and large-ensemble instruction. The course will provide students with specific materials and resources (method books, etude books, repertoire, etc.) appropriate for use with students in grades 5-12. (Offered in even years)

MUS 310 Piano Pedagogy II 2
This course will survey literature appropriate for intermediate and more advanced students. In addition emphasis will also be placed on essential elements of technical development, setting up a private teaching studio, pedagogical research, and important past teachers.

MUS 311 Topics in Music Literature 2
The study of a major composer, genre or style. Prerequisites: Mus 201-202 and Mus 204 or consent permission of the instructor.

MUS 312 Conducting I 2
Principles of conducting theory and practice. Course begins with basic technique and progresses to score preparation and rehearsal planning for choral ensembles. Students are encouraged, though not required, to take Mus 212 prior to Mus 312. (Offered in even years)

MUS 318 Conducting II 2
Continued study in the theory and practice of conducting, with an emphasis on score preparation and rehearsal planning for instrumental ensembles. Prerequisite: Mus 312 or consent of instructor. (Offered in even years)

MUS 330 Secondary Music Methods 3
This course deals with the practical strategies needed to build a successful music program at the secondary level (grades 6-12). Topics studied will include: developing high quality repertoire including multicultural elements, understanding the male changing voice, program structure, student rapport and classroom management, concert programming, marketing and recruiting, assessment strategies, and teaching musical literacy. A field component provides hand-on experience to develop important teaching skills prior to student teaching. Pre-requisite: Educ 201 (Offered in even years)

MUS 355 Arts in London 4
(Cross-listed from Thea 355) A May term class that encompasses theater, art and music study and experiences in London, England. Class activities include morning lectures, visits to art galleries, attending music and theater performances, and day trips to Coventry, Stratford-upon-Avon, Salisbury and other locations. Daily writing assignments and a major project required. SST alternate course. Offered in alternate years. Extra cost.

MUS 360 Chamber Music 1
Designed as an avenue to explore the intricacies of small ensemble playing. Approved chamber groups of two to eight students work with the instructor on rehearsal techniques and music decision making in a master-class setting. The class meets weekly and is open to all vocalists and instrumentalists.

MUS 362 Staged Music Scenes 1
Staged Music Scenes is open to music majors, minors, and nonmajors by audition, and may be taken with or without credit. Fully staged, complete productions of operas and musicals alternate with productions of programs presenting opera, operetta, or musical theater scenes. Students are taught stage movement, character development, and solo/ensemble singing that enhances their ability to perform onstage.

MUS 365 Composition 2
Prerequisite: Mus 265

MUS 369 Percussion 2
Prerequisite: Mus 269

MUS 370 Cello 2
Prerequisite: Mus 270

MUS 371 Organ 2
Prerequisite: Mus 271

MUS 372 Piano 2
Prerequisite: Mus 272

MUS 373 Viola 2
Prerequisite: Mus 273

MUS 374 Violin 2
Prerequisite: Mus 274

MUS 375 Voice 2
Prerequisite: Mus 275

MUS 377 Flute 2
Prerequisite: Mus 277

MUS 378 Bassoon 2
Prerequisite: Mus 278

MUS 379 Oboe 2
Prerequisite: Mus 279

MUS 381 French Horn 2
Prerequisite: Mus 281

MUS 382 Trumpet 2
Prerequisite: Mus 282

MUS 383 Clarinet 2
Prerequisite: Mus 283

MUS 384 String Bass 2
Prerequisite: Mus 284

MUS 386 Guitar 2
Prerequisite: Mus 286

MUS 387 Saxophone 2
Prerequisite: Mus 287

MUS 388 Harpsichord 2
Prerequisite: Mus 288

MUS 390 Chamber Choir 0 (0-1)
The Goshen College Chamber Choir is the elite mixed choir on campus, drawing its members from both the Men's Chorus and the Women's World Music Choir. An auditioned group of 25-45 first-years through seniors, the Chamber Choir performs the best in choral literature from the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, and Modern periods. The Chamber Choir performs at numerous on-campus and occasional off-campus concerts each year, as well as on periodic tours. Corequisite: Mus 293 or 294.

MUS 395 Harp 2
Prerequisite: Mus 295

MUS 396 Trombone 2
Prerequisite: Mus 296

MUS 397 Tuba/Euphonium 2
Prerequisite: Mus 297

MUS 400 Special Projects in Music 1
May be elected for additional individual work in music theory, analysis, music history, conducting, music recording or music technology. May be repeated.

MUS 409 Applied Teaching Internship 1 (1-3)
Designed to give students practical experience in music-related fields such as arts administration, music business, audio recording technology, church music and music therapy. Internships are individually arranged with the work supervisor and faculty adviser.

MUS 410 Senior Seminar 1
Weekly meetings of music majors and faculty to discuss vocational, curricular and ethical/spiritual topics.

Nursing courses

NURS 100 Exploring Nursing 1
Designed to provide students with an initial framework and context for understanding the role of a baccalaureate-prepared nurse within the healthcare system and exploring the domain of the baccalaureate-prepared nurse outside of a healthcare system. This course is an overview of nursing as a profession, reviewing the scope and standards of practice, the nursing code of ethics, and exploration of a variety of nursing roles. This course will expose students who are considering entering nursing, as their major, to the vast variety of roles within the field through one-on-one conversations with Registered Nurses from a variety of settings and will begin to set the expectations and rigor associated with nursing at a baccalaureate level.

NURS 190 Strategies for Nursing Success 1
This course provides activities on ways to improve the student's overall academic and test performance. ATI and additional resources will be utilized for improvement in critical thinking and analyzing test questions. Students will develop strategies for managing test anxiety.

NURS 210 Intro to Professional Nursing 3
Selected nursing theories, nursing process and research will be studied as foundations for nursing practice. Emphasis will be on the nurse as a person and the importance of self-understanding, accountability, communication and helping relationships. The role of the professional nurse is studied in terms of an ever-changing health care delivery system and emerging nursing practice settings. Introduction to client as individual, family and community.

NURS 211 Fundamentals of Nursing 3
Students learn integral components of nursing care universal to all patients including asepsis, safety, hygiene, diagnostics, medication administration, wound care and perioperative care. Strategies for promoting physiological and psychosocial health are studied. Prerequisite: Nurs 210.

NURS 212 Holistic Client Assessment 3
Holistic client assessment focuses on collection of a database within the context of the nursing process. Content includes the health history and assessment of functional health patterns, body systems, growth and development, and cultural and spiritual dimensions. Clinical and laboratory experiences are included. Prerequisite: Nurs 210, Prerequisite or Concurrent: Nurs 211.

NURS 290 NCLEX Success Strategies 1
This course includes activities and strategies in preparation for the NCLEX exam. The student will be completing several tutorials and practice exams from the ATI assessment series. A careful analysis of issues related to test taking abilities will be completed, along with review from ATI textbooks and other NCLEX preparation resources.

NURS 298 Global Health Focus: Nepal 3
The focus of this elective will be on health, illness, and wellness in Nepal. Possible activities include interaction with organizations helping with nutrition, prevention of human trafficking, acute healthcare, education of health workers, chronic and rehabilitation care, and empowerment of marginalized people. Application required.

NURS 303 Nursing Teaching Assistant 1 (1-3)
This course is designed to allow senior level nursing students the opportunity to practice their nursing leadership skills by using the role of a teaching assistant to help develop knowledge translational skills. The student will engage in a variety of roles: skills lab assistant (setting up simulation and skills sign off and practice sessions with students), hosting study tables in collaboration with the nursing faculty, care planning teaching assistant, and in the health care settings along with the clinical faculty to help guide students in their NURS 212 initial clinical rotation.

NURS 305 Pharmacology 3
Focus is on examining the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drug classifications in the treatment of diseases. The nurse's role in administering, monitoring for adverse and therapeutic effects, and patient education are discussed. Calculation of medication dosages will be required.

NURS 306 Nursing Care of Adults I 4
The nursing process is used with adults and families experiencing illness. Content areas include nursing care of adults with fluid and electrolyte and acid/base imbalances, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal problems, chronic neurological problems, urinary/genital conditions, and autoimmune disorders. Clinical experiences consist of providing holistic nursing care to adults in medical/surgical clinical areas, with emphasis on perioperative nursing. Prerequisite or Concurrent: Biol 319.

NURS 307 Nursing Care of Adults II 4
The nursing process is used with adults and families experiencing illness. Content areas include nursing care of adults with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances, cancer, lower respiratory problems, diabetes, and cardiovascular problems. Clinical experiences consist of providing holistic nursing care to adults in medical/surgical clinical areas. Prerequisite or Concurrent: Biol 319.

NURS 308 Gerontological Nursing 3
Examines health issues encountered during the final four decades of the life span, from active older adult through the end of life. Some specific pathophysiology as it relates to older adults is included. Students work with a well elder and visit community settings that provide services for older adults. Prerequisite: Nurs 212.

NURS 309 Healthcare Ethics 3
Students will actively reflect on ethical issues which are present in health care for practitioners and consumers. The focus will be on the process of ethical inquiry rather than decision outcomes. In the process of analyzing bioethical issues, student will be introduced to ethical theory and modes of ethical analysis informed by the Christian faith. Prerequisites: Open to third- and fourth-year students from all departments. A Peacemaking Perspectives course in the Goshen Core.

NURS 311 Nursing Care of Expanding Family 3
The nursing process and knowledge of normal and selected abnormal conditions experienced during the childbearing cycle are addressed. Selected normal, and deviations to, general women's health issues are also discussed. Clinical experiences occur with the family in the community and hospital. Prerequisite: Nurs 212, Biol 319. Concurrent: Nurs 305.

NURS 312 Nursing Care of the Child 3
The focus is on common conditions and illnesses of children. The clinical focuses of the nursing care of the ill child. Developmental concepts, health promotion and prevention are emphasized in clinical and theory. Prerequisite: Nurs 212, Biol 319. Concurrent: Nurs 305.

NURS 331 Philosophy & Theories of Nursing 4
Bridge course that prepares adult learners for upper-level college study. The metaparadigm of nursing is utilized as the organizing framework for exploration of self and nursing. The evolution of nursing science, theory, research and practice are studied. Caring is discussed as a central ethic of nursing practice.

NURS 332 Holistic Client Assessment 4
Builds on prior learning, expanding history taking and physical assessment of functional health patterns, body systems, growth and development, and cultural and spiritual dimensions.

NURS 403 Nursing Research 3
Basic concepts of nursing research are examined. Focuses on critical analysis and summary of published nursing research as a basis for using research in clinical practice. Understands the linkages between nursing practice, research evidence and patient outcomes. A major project is developed related to nursing research utilization. Prerequisite: Six credit hours of 300-level clinical nursing courses.

NURS 405 Psychiatric/Mental-Health Nursing 3
A study of psychiatric/mental-health nursing practice. The clinical component provides opportunities in a psychiatric hospital and community mental-health settings. The role of the nurse as a member of the mental-health team is emphasized. Prerequisites: All 300-level clinical nursing courses.

NURS 406 Acute-Care Nursing 3
Focuses on the application of the nursing process to the care of acutely ill adults. Content areas concentrate on acute conditions involving the cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and renal systems, trauma, and burns. Application of nursing care occurs in a variety of critical care settings. Prerequisites: All 300-level clinical nursing courses.

NURS 408 Community Health Nursing 3
Applies a synthesis of nursing, social, and public health theories to the assessment and care of aggregates in the community. Practice is collaborative with a focus on promoting and protecting the health of populations. Community health planning for aggregates or populations is done using a variety of agencies and resources in the community. The public health delivery system is differentiated from the private health care delivery system in its emphasis on social justice. Prerequisites: All 300-level clinical nursing courses.

NURS 409 Leadership in Nursing 3
Content includes management and leadership theories, as well as knowledge of complex organizational systems. An emphasis is placed on the role of the nursing leader as creator and manager of a culture of caring, safety, and quality. The clinical experience includes management of care for multiple clients and clinical experiences that relate to quality improvement. Prerequisites: All 300-level clinical nursing courses.

NURS 410 Nursing Senior Seminar 1
The main focus is on integration of current professional practice issues in professional practice and the role of the BSN prepared nurse to impact change in the profession and health care arena. Portfolio and resume preparation are included. Prerequistie: Nurs 403.

NURS 415 Capstone 3
Content includes application and review of nursing concepts in preparation for the licensure examination (NCLEX). Transition to practice issues are also discussed. A strategy for securing a nursing practice position is developed. Prerequisite: Nurs 403.

NURS 433 Research in Nursing 4
A survey of nursing research practice and method. Critical analysis of published nursing research as a basis for implementing research in clinical practice.

NURS 438 Community Health Nursing 5
Applies a synthesis of nursing, social, and public health theories to the assessment and care of aggregates in the community. Practice is collaborative with a focus on promoting and protecting the health of populations. Community health planning for aggregates or populations is done using a variety of agencies and resources in the community. The public health delivery system is differentiated from the private health care delivery system in its emphasis on social justice.

NURS 449 Leadership in Nursing 5
Leadership and management principles are applied to clinical practice. An emphasis is placed on the role of the nurse leader as creator and manager of a culture of caring, safety and quality. Includes content and discussion on current nursing issues. Clinical practice component of course will be arranged with each student.

Organizational Leadership courses

Philosophy courses

PHIL 203 Living Ethically 3
Living Ethically will focus on ethical decision-making as well as ethical being, drawing on historical and contemporary forms and structures in ethics as well as contemporary applications of ethical frameworks. Students will be encouraged to identify the bases for their own ethical processes and discern whether there is a distinctively Christian/religious way of living ethically, and if so, what the distinguishing characteristics of such living might be. Moral reasoning and character-formation will be addressed as well as both personal and social ethics. A Religious World course in the Goshen Core.

PHIL 204 Environmental Ethics 3
This course will focus on ethical decision-making as well as ethical being, drawing on both ancient and contemporary applications of ethical frameworks. Students will bring their own ethical issues into the course and help shape its basic trajectories. The course will also address questions of vocation/calling, from a religious perspective, and how that notion is related to ethical being. A Religious World course in the Goshen Core.

PHIL 302 Ethics and Morality 3
A study of the nature of moral claims and the bases for ethical principles.The course draws on both moral philosophy and on Christian ethical reflection, addressing the development of character as well as the patterns and methods for both individual and corporate decision-making.

PHIL 310 Topics in Philosophy 3
Study in specific areas of philosophic thought such as ancient/medieval, logic, modern philosophy, theory of knowledge, theory and problems of reality.

Physics courses

PHYS 105 Physics & Engineering 2
An introduction to the department and to physics and engineering as careers. Presentations by faculty and students of research, introduction to the scientific literature and scientific writing, group lab and design projects. Offered every fall.

PHYS 154 Descriptive Astronomy 3
An introduction to astronomy, with emphasis on basic sky patterns and their historical explanations. Considers the Copernican revolution, simple Newtonian physics, and contemporary understandings of stars, galaxies and cosmology. Includes a field trip to a Planetarium and (weather permitting) an overnight observing trip to Merry Lea. Taught in May term. A Natural World course in the Goshen Core.

PHYS 201 College Physics 4
An algebra-based introduction to basic physics designed for non-majors. Topics include forces, torques, work, energy, Newton's laws, the mechanics of motion, collisions and conservation laws. Offered in spring of even years. Prerequisite: Quantitative Literacy and high-school level trigonometry.

PHYS 203 General Physics 4
A calculus and vector treatment of basic physics. This is the first semester, which includes mechanics of motion, vibration and sound. Required of physics majors. Offered every fall. Prerequisite or Concurrent: Math 211.

PHYS 204 General Physics 4
A calculus and vector treatment of basic physics. This is the second semester, which includes electric and magnetic fields, light and optics. Required of physics majors. Offered every spring. Prerequisites: Math 211, Phys 203.

PHYS 208 Introduction to Research 2
An introduction to the techniques and practice of experimental research. Students participate in laboratory work in the Turner Laboratory. Course is considered training for future research in the physics department. Prerequisites: Phys 203-204 or consent of instructor.

PHYS 210 Modern Physics 3
An introduction to the basis of modern physics. Special relativity, experimental origins of the quantum theory, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, elementary particle physics, and cosmology. Offered in fall of even years. Prerequisites: Phys 203-204 or consent of instructor.

PHYS 215 Climate Change 3
How can and should humans relate to nature? This question raises vigorous, passionate, and political discussion. Using an interdisciplinary approach, students explore (a) how information is generated, refined, and debated in scientific disciplines, (b) how science, archaeology and other disciplines shed light on Earth's climate beyond the horizon of a few generations' experience, and (c) how past cultures reacted to environmental challenges. The class includes laboratory activities, but within the constraints of a 3 credit hour course. Required for elementary education majors. A Natural World course in the Goshen Core. Offered every spring.

PHYS 220 Engineering Statics 3
A basic engineering course studying static equilibrium. Vector algebra, free-body diagrams and static equilibrium of moments and forces are used to solve problems in two and three dimensions. Topics include methods of solving frames, trusses and machines, distributed forces, determination of centroids, fluid statics, applications of friction, and virtual work. Offered in spring of odd years. Prerequisite: Phys 203 of consent of instructor.

PHYS 222 Mechanics of Materials 3
A study of stress and strain analysis in engineering materials. Topics will include axial, torsional, bending and shear loads, stress and strain transformations, design and deflection of beams and shafts, buckling and energy methods. Prerequisite: PHYS 220 or consent of instructor.

PHYS 240 Physics of Music 3
A study of the physics of a variety of musical instruments including the voice, the physical origins of musical scales and temperaments, perception effects in the ear and brain and room acoustics. Many class sessions will be laboratory experiences and each student will do a major project. Prerequisite: Phys 203 or high school physics, Mus 102 or equivalent ability or consent of instructor.

PHYS 302 Analytical Mechanics 3
Newtonian mechanics based on the formulation of Lagrange and Hamilton. Conservation of mechanical energy and energy methods to find trajectories. Applications to oscillations, orbital motion, scattering, rigid body motion. Special topics include chaos theory and relativity. Offered in fall of odd years. Prerequisites: Phys 203, 204, Math 211, 212, or consent of instructor.

PHYS 303 Classical Field Theory 3
Study of electric and magnetic fields using the formulation of Maxwell. Maxwell's equations are developed with reference to experiments followed by selected applications including wave propagation in dispersive media, and magnetic and dielectric phenomena. Offered in spring of even years. Prerequisites: Phys 203-204, Math 211, 213, or consent of instructor.

PHYS 304 Electronics 4
Introduction to analog and digital electronics and robotics. The focus is on design and construction of practical circuitry which can be used to build useful devices. After the analog and digital groundwork is laid, students learn to program microcontrollers to interface with a variety of sensors and outputs on mobile robotic platforms. Weekly laboratories culminate in individual projects presented in the biannual electronics show. Lectures and laboratory. Offered in fall of odd years. Prerequisite: high school physics.

PHYS 305 Optics and Holography 4
Electromagnetic theory, geometrical optics, interference and diffraction, and other principles provide the framework for understanding a variety of optical instruments and experiments. Laboratories include various types of interferometry, laser beam filtering and profiling, several types of holography and culminate in individual projects. Lectures and laboratory. Prerequisites: Phys 203-204.

PHYS 310 Thermodynamics 4
A study of classical thermodynamics including thermodynamic and chemical potentials, kinetic theory of gases, and chemical kinetics. An introduction to statistical mechanics is presented. Applications include studies of material properties and engineering systems. Includes a laboratory. Engineering Physics majors may elect to not take the laboratory and would register for just 3 credit hours. Offered in fall of even years. Prerequisites: Phys 203-204; Chem 111-112; Math 211 and 213 or consent of instructor.

PHYS 312 Quantum Mechanics 4
Principles of quantum mechanics are discussed beginning with a hydrogen atom and concluding with many atom molecules. The material is examined using the physical evidences that support the theory of quantum mechanics, particularly spectroscopy. The course also discusses symmetry of molecules, theory of NMR and X-ray diffraction. Lectures and laboratory. Prerequisites: Phys 203-204; Chem 111-112; Math 212 or consent of instructor.

PHYS 313 QuantumTheory 3
A study of the quantum theory in the vector formalism of Dirac. Solutions of the Schrödinger equation and matrix mechanics are used to analyze potential wells, harmonic oscillators, free particles, spin systems and angular momentum and the Bell inequality. Applications to tunneling, simple scattering systems, the hydrogen atom. Offered in spring of odd years. Prerequisites: Phys 203-204, Math 213 or consent of instructor.

PHYS 314 Statistical Mechanics 3
A study of the statistical treatment of particles including molecules, atoms and electrons. The ensemble theory of Gibbs is developed as the basis. Applications include gases, crystalline solids, magnetic materials and phase transitions. Prerequisite: Math 213 or consent of instructor.

PHYS 410 Senior Seminar 3
An exploration of the relations between science and religion using the "self" as an organizing lens to focus on what it means to be human. Discussion, preparation, presentation of papers and written reflections in a student-led seminar. Offered every spring. Prerequisite: Senior standing.

PHYS 421 Advanced Topics in Physics 2 (1-3)
Special topics selected by the student in consultation with professor. These may include topics of special interest to the student or research. Academic credit for research or thesis is covered by enrolling in this subject.

Peace, justice & conflict studies courses

PJCS 201 Violence and Nonviolence 3
This course addresses the questions, when and why are people violent, and when and why are they peaceful? How does nonviolence address the destructive force of violence and stand as an alternative? A Peacemaking course in the Goshen Core.

PJCS 202 Spiritual Path of Peacemaking 3
How do peacemakers sustain their work for peace and justice over a lifetime without burning out? This course examines spiritual paths of peacemakers: theories, teachings and practices for sustaining active nonviolence and peacemaking. A Peacemaking course in the Goshen Core.

PJCS 203 Authentic Mission 3
While fully recognizing both abuses committed in the history of Christian mission and the ongoing challenges of working well across cultures, this course will tease out what it means to translate the Christian gospel into different cultural settings in an authentic, sensitive, culture-affirming way. A Peacemaking course in the Goshen Core.

PJCS 209 Field Experience 1 (1-4)
An approved, supervised internship related to peace, justice and conflict studies work.

PJCS 210 Transforming Conflict and Violence 3
Explores the potentially constructive nature of conflict, the destructive nature of violence and the relationship between the two. Examines various patterns of communication, conflict and violence and what is needed for transformation. Students will reflect on their own conflict styles, build their skills for peacemaking and examine their personal temptations for violence. Note: Because PJCS 210 introduces concepts developed in greater depth in PJCS 325, this course may not be taken concurrently with or following PJCS 325. A Peacemaking course in the Goshen Core.

PJCS 220 Inside Out: 3
An interactive course which addresses justice from the viewpoints of those both inside and outside the criminal justice system. Half of students in each class are inmates in a correctional facility and half are college students. The course is flexible in its specific content, shaped by the expertise of instructors. Recent offerings have been "Justice in Our Lives," focused on restorative justice and conflict transformation and "Borders, Boundaries and Bridges," focused on divisive issues such as immigration through the lens of theater. Special application required to enroll.

PJCS 309 Advocacy Fieldwork 1
Advocacy Field Work includes the application of policy and advocacy skills outside the classroom and thus must be taken in conjunction with one of the following Topics courses: SoWk 315, SoWk 320, SoWk 345 or SoWk 350. The requirements include: 1) the completion of a 40 hour internship with a community partner focused on advocacy and policy skill development; and 2) the completion of a culminating project focused on an advocacy or policy project determined by the student, minor advisor, and agency supervisor at the beginning of the placement.

PJCS 310 Issues in PJCS 3
Contemporary issues, e.g., militarism, organizational power relationships and conflict transformation, nuclear weaponry, economic sanctions, domestic violence.

PJCS 311 Junior Seminar 3
Junior Seminar has three main purposes: to explore classic and contemporary issues in conflict and peace through faculty- and student-led seminars to develop research and writing skills appropriate for PJCS; and to begin work toward a major research project to be completed in Senior Seminar.

PJCS 325 Mediation:Process, Skills, Theory 4 (3-4)
Focuses on the third party role of the mediator. Explores the theoretical basis for mediation, its various applications in North America, and critiques of the appropriateness of mediation for certain types of conflicts. Emphasis will be on experiential learning to develop the skills needed for mediation in formal and informal settings. PJCS majors and minors, as well as Interdisciplinary majors with a PJCS component, will complete one hour of applied experience.

PJCS 332 Religion, Conflict and Peace 3
Examines the role of religion in causing and nurturing violence and in promoting peace themes which have emerged as central to the pursuit of peace in the 21st century.

PJCS 347 Restorative Justice 3
Begins with an account of some of the classic and mainstream understandings of justice and then moves on to an overview of the foundational principles of restorative justice and its various practical applications. The course will examine and address the needs of victims, offenders, communities and broader systems. It will specifically examine the Victim Offender Reconciliation (VORP) model and its role in the North American criminal justice system. It will also examine models from other contexts such as family group conferences and circles.

PJCS 350 Dynamics/Theology of Reconciliation 3
An interdisciplinary examination of the work of reconciliation in interpersonal and small group relationships, but especially in large-scale social and political contexts.

PJCS 360 Designing for Social Change 3
Analyzes different strategies for achieving change in contexts characterized by high levels of complexity and conflict, with particular attention to the role and significance of the relatively new field of dialogue, deliberation, and civic engagement. Students will draw from their own experiences as well as change initiatives from other parts of the world in order to surface the set of assumptions they hold about how constructive change happens.

PJCS 370 Personal Violence and Healing 3
A seminar course in which advanced students examine encounters with violence and how healing can be sought. Integrating religious and ethical studies with the social sciences, the course focuses on the socio-cultural matrix of an individual's encounters with violence.

PJCS 409 Senior Internship 3 (1-4)
An approved internship or work experience related to peace, justice, and conflict studies. Examples include supervised activities in shelters for the homeless, work with local, regional, national or international peace, justice and conflict transformation agencies and organizations or work with congregational and denominational peace centers.

PJCS 410 Senior Advanced Work 1
A written project in which seniors with a Peace and Justice minor or a Conflict Transformation minor reflect on the relationship between their academic major and what they learned in their PJCS courses.

PJCS 411 Senior Seminar 3
Students will complete a major research project on a topic of their choosing, leading to a 25-35 page thesis.

PJCS 425 War and Peace in the Modern World 3
Working primarily from an international relations perspective, this course wlll examine changing patterns of fighting wars and seeking peace.

PJCS 426 Conflict-Healthy Groups 3
Using a systems approach, students will explore conflicts in organizations and communities, locating and examining models for assessment, diagnosis, intervention and evaluation. Working with case studies and real life situations of structural injustice and conflict, students will learn practical strategies for dialogue, problem-solving, healing, reconciliation and system change. Prerequisite: PJCS 325.

PJCS 437 Disparities in Health Care 4
This course examines disparities in health care along lines of race, culture and gender. Social justice is identified as a core nursing value and a foundation of public health nursing. Health, illness and various health care issues are explored in communities that have experienced discrimination and marginalization, resulting in reduced access to and disparities in health care.

Political science courses

POSC 200 Introduction to Political Science 3
General comparative survey of political institutions and behavior in various types of regimes, with special emphasis on the American political system. The most appropriate course for students required to take one course in political science. Collateral reading may be adjusted to individual needs and interests.

POSC 210 Introduction to Public Policy 3
Explores the nature of the policy-making process in the United States and, to a lesser extent, other pluralist polities. Topics will include constitutional and structural framework in which policies are shaped, interest articulation, policy formulation and the feedback process.

POSC 305 US Constitutional Law 3
A basic introduction to the federal system of government in the United States based on the US Constitution. Focus on the constitutional arrangements established at the nation's founding, critical points in the constitution's evolution and the contemporary setting. Topics may include the legislative process, the judiciary branch and the nature of the presidency. The regulatory process, interest groups, political parties, the press, campaigning and voter behavior, civil rights and federal-state relations may also be examined.

POSC 308 International Politics 3
Examination of the structure, development and operation of the present international political system and its possible alternatives.

POSC 320 Issues in Politics and Society 3
Contemporary (and often controversial) political issues in the U.S. and Latin America, e.g. African-Americans and the U.S. judicial system; educating legal professionals; the church and Latin American politics. Analysis through class discussions, some lectures by the instructor, student papers and contribution from resource persons with involvement in the subject matter.

POSC 425 War and Peace in the Modern World 3
(Cross-listed from PJCS 425) Working primarily from an international relations perspective, this course willl examine changing patterns of fighting wars and seeking peace.

Psychology courses

PSYC 100 General Psychology 3
An introduction to the methods, concepts and principles used in the study of behavior. Includes a survey of topics in psychological development, individual differences, memory, personality structure, mental health, learning and social psychology.

PSYC 200 Social Psychology 3
A study of the influence of society on the individual and of the individual on society. Involves the study of person-to-person transactions, with emphasis on attitudes and small group structure and process. Course is offered every two or three years.

PSYC 210 Developmental Psychology 3
A study of developmental processes across the life span. Physical, social and cognitive changes provide the basic organization for this course. A variety of developmental theories will be examined including Piaget, Vygotsky, Erickson, social learning and psychodynamic. Current research and an understanding of how to think about developmental processes will be emphasized. A Social World course in the Goshen Core. Prerequisite: Psyc 100 preferred.

PSYC 217 Cross-Cultural Psychology 3
A study of both the influences of culture on human behavior as well as universal characteristics all individuals share regardless of culture. This course seeks to examine how an individual's cultural background influences behavior and thoughts and relationships. Biological, sociocultural, ecological and psychological perspectives will be examined. A Social World course in the Goshen Core. Course is offered every two or three years.

PSYC 218 Theories Counseling & Pyschotherapy 3
A study of the primary theories of counseling/psychotherapy and the contemporary issues that have changed the field. Significant emphasis will be placed on understanding the research on efficacy/effectiveness and exploring the current realities of delivering psychotherapy. Specific techniques will also be examined. Course is offered every two or three years.

PSYC 302 Research Methods in Psychology 4
A study of the methods and techniques used in psychological research. Course will include the examination of methods such as description, survey, correlation, quasi-experiments, and true experiments. Prerequisite: Psyc 100. Course is offered every two or three years.

PSYC 303 Biological Psychology 4
An introduction to the physiology and anatomy of the brain and central nervous system and their effects on psychological functioning (behavior, thinking, and feeling) processes. Three lectures, one 1.5-hour lab. Prerequisite: Psyc 100. Course is offered every two or three years.

PSYC 306 Abnormal Psychology 3
A study of the variety of psychological disorders as classified by the DSM system. Issues related to classification will be discussed. A biopsychosocial model will be assumed when discussing etiology and treatment. Since this is primarily a descriptive course, considerable emphasis will be placed on case studies. At the conclusion of the course, students will be well versed in understanding the major psychological disorders. Prerequisite: Psyc 100.

PSYC 308 Personality Theory 3
A study of theory development with particular focus on major personality theories. The central concepts of each theory, the unique place in contemporary psychological thought and relationship of theory to psychological experimentation and research will be emphasized. Prerequisite: Psyc 100. Course is offered every two or three years.

PSYC 309 Educational Psychology 3
(Cross-listed from Educ 309) A study of physical, cognitive, psychosocial, emotional, linguistic, moral and identity development birth through adolescence. Includes developmental theories, influence of cultural and social factors on development and school influences on children and adolescents.

PSYC 316 Introduction to Clinical Psychology 3
A study of the major issues facing someone entering the professional world of delivering psychological services to others. Critical thinking about the most recent diagnosis and treatment modalities will be emphasized. Other topics include ethics, psychopharmacology, counseling, health psychology, psychobiology and community psychology. Prerequisite: Psyc 100. Course is offered every two or three years.

PSYC 319 Cognitive Psychology 3
A study of how people understand and interpret the world. Primary topics include learning, memory, decision-making, sensation/perception, and intelligence. Prerequisite: Psyc 100. Offered every other year.

PSYC 320 Psychological Assessment 3
A study of psychological testing theory, test administration and test interpretation. The course will survey intellectual, aptitude, achievement, interest, personality and neurological assessment. Students will be given direct experience with tests from each of these categories. Prerequisite: Psyc 100. Course is offered every two or three years.

PSYC 375 Topics: 3 (1-3)
Study in a major area of psychology not covered by regular courses.

PSYC 380 Statistics in Research 3
A study of data analysis and its relationship to research methods in a variety of settings. Collection, presentation and analysis of numerical data, including descriptive, parametric, and nonparametric statistics. Students are strongly encouraged to complete the Quantitative Literacy requirement in the Goshen Core before taking this course. When this course is taught for four credit hours in the adult degree completion program, it includes application and integration of concepts applied to nursing research.

PSYC 400 Advanced Projects in Psychology 1 (1-3)
Independent reading or research for psychology majors. Requires extensive reading or research on a topic of the student's choice. Consultation with instructor required.

PSYC 401 Psychology Research I 1
In a small group collaboration, students design, propose, and prepare to conduct a research study. Special attention is given to Human Subjects Institutional Review Board (HSIRB) Requirements. Prerequisite/corequisite: Psyc 380.

PSYC 403 Psychology Research II 2
Further data collection and analysis of the problem studied in Psyc 401, culminating in a written thesis and oral presentation. Prerequisite: Psyc 380, 401.

PSYC 409 Senior Internship 2
Internship offers opportunity to observe and participate in a supervised field learning experience in which psychological theories and concepts are employed and issues pertaining to psychology as a career can be addressed. Prerequisites: minimum of 12 hours of upper-level psychology or consent of instructor. Course is offered every other year.

PSYC 410 Senior Seminar in Psychology 2
A focus on integrative issues concerning psychology, science and faith, primarily Christianity. Attention will also be given to philosophical reasoning. This student-led seminar is structured around student-selected topics such as free will, prayer, religion and mental health/illness, therapy and faith, forgiveness, happiness/sin, etc. Prerequisites: minimum of 12 hours of upper-level psychology or consent of instructor. Course is offered every other year.

Public health courses

PUBH 200 Introduction to Public Health 3
This course provides an overview of the field of Public Health and emphasizes basic principles, practices and policies. Related to this, students will learn the infrastructure and organization of public health in the U.S. at the local, state and federal levels. Other key topics includes an overview of major causes of morbidity and mortality in the U.S.; the socioeconomic, behavioral and environmental factors that affect health; health disparities; key features of the U.S. health care system; methods of data collection and surveillance; disease promotion and prevention; and achievements, current challenges and controversies in the field. The course also introduces students to the basic conceptual models and approaches that are central to public health practice and explores careers in public health.

PUBH 210 Culturally Responsive Health Promot 3
This course focuses on how an individuals social, cultural, and economic background influences both their health status as well as the health care they receive. The emphasis in this course is in culturally responsive health promotion programs, which is one of public health's primary tools for reducing health disparities. Concepts, models, frameworks, and communications that occur within intercultural health situations will be discussed, as well as the application of these concepts in real interventions and health promotion programs. More broadly, this course also explores the ways in which health disparities are created and sustained at a societal level and how social, behavioral, and environmental factors affect a populations health, including risk of infection and disease. The first half of the course emphasizes basic principles, while the second half provides a closer examination of several different populations in the U.S. A case study approach will be used to explore the intersection between culture, health, and health care.

PUBH 310 Public Health Policy & Administrat 3
This course provides an overview of the Public Health policy-making process in the U.S. and the issues related to the provision of health-related services. It examines the political and institutional settings and constraints on the formulation of policy, including the role of federal, state and local governments, non-governmental organizations, special interest groups, and the media. In addition, the course content provides the foundational understanding for the organization and function of public health activities within the health care delivery system of the United States.

PUBH 311 Public Health Junior Seminar 1
Junior seminar has two main purposes: review core public health skills in health promotion, research, and writing and to begin work towards a major research project which will be completed in PUBH410: Senior Seminar.

PUBH 320 Perspectives in Global Health 3
In this virtual course, students are introduced to current and emerging issues in global health, and to the critical links between public health and social and economic development. Key concerns are the disparities in the global burden of communicable and chronic diseases between low, middle and high income countries. Critical challenges impacting population health are emphasized, including: human rights and access to health care, environmental health and safe water, maternal-child health, nutritional challenges, rapid urbanization, war and violence, climate change, and bioethical issues. The role of nation states, international agencies, and nongovernmental organizations in promoting health are also covered. This course includes practical work with a partner organization. If you plan to take this course for SST credit, see INTL 271: Community Engaged Learning: Global Health with MCC.

PUBH 330 Epidemiology 3
This course covers the basic principles and methods for examining the patterns and distribution of disease morbidity and mortality in human populations, and how this knowledge is used to address public health problems through research and prevention. Topics include natural history of disease and levels of prevention; inferring causality; measures of disease frequency; observational and experimental study designs; assessing the exposure-disease association; hypothesis testing; bias, confounding and effect modification; screening; and disease surveillance. The course is designed to enhance students' ability to analyze problems systematically and to think critically. Prerequisite: Psych 380 or introductory statistics course,

PUBH 380 Statistics for the Health Sciences 3
This course introduces students to the statistical methods and research designs necessary for application in interpreting health science research. This course includes a study of data analysis and its relationship to research methods. Collection, presentation and analysis of numerical data, including descriptive, parametric, and nonparametric statistics. When this course is taught for four credit hours in the RN to BSN program, it includes application and integration of concepts applied to nursing research.

PUBH 400 Public Health Research 1
This course is intended for students interested in completing research related to public health. Projects can be independent or through a research program. On or off campus research projects are eligible for this course.

PUBH 409 Internship in Public Health 3
This 80-hour internship provides students the opportunity to build upon their public health coursework and apply their knowledge outside of the classroom. Students will be placed in a public health agency or related site for supervised practice experience and work on a project addressing a public health issue under the supervision of a site-preceptor. In addition, the internship course will meet periodically as a group with a faculty member. During course sessions, students will be introduced to the basic principles and methods used in community health assessment, program development, program implementation, and evaluation. Prerequisite: PUBH 310, PUBH 320, and PUBH 330.

PUBH 410 Senior Seminar 2
In this capstone course students design, complete and communicate a project that allows them to demonstrate their mastery of the learning outcomes for the Public Health major. The topic of the project will be the choice of the student but is subject to approval. As part of the course, students will engage with and work closely with both their peers and their instructor to identify research questions, develop and implement a research design, and present drafts for peer review. The final project will be presented in a public forum. Prerequisite: PUBH 310, PUBH 320, and PUBH 330.

Religion courses

REL 205 Religion in America 3
Given competing truth claims, how do we learn to appreciate religious diversity, open ourselves to new learning, and yet remain relatively grounded in faith? This course examines historical and contemporary religious life in the USA, with attention to conflicts that have arisen from the first European explorers to the present day. A Religious World course in the Goshen Core.

REL 206 Religion and Sports 3
This course explores the profound and ubiquitous interweaving of religion and sports in Western civilization. From its roots in classical Olympian festivals to its emergence as a multi-billion dollar modern industry, the active presence of religious themes in sports, from spiritual ordeal, to the ethos of fairness, to the manifestation of moral reward in victory, will be tracked and analyzed. Particular attention will be devoted to the ways in which sport interacts with Christianity in North America, both in the quasi-amateur context of intercollegiate athletics as well as the professional ranks of league franchises. A Religious World course in the Goshen Core.

REL 209 Field Experience 3 (1-3)
A field placement in applied ministry or discipleship at a camp, retreat center, congregation or religious organization. Appropriate for credit by experience registration.

REL 214 Sustainability and the Sacred 3
This course explores how diverse cultures understand nature and how religions engage environmental problems in an era of rapid environmental change. We examine how religious and philosophical systems interpret humanity's relationship to the nonhuman world, consider how ideas of the sacred shape environmental issues, and investigate how religious traditions confront today's sustainability challenges. The course considers questions like: How does religion create obstacles and opportunities for sustainability projects? Where do peoples' ideas about nature come from? How do various religions understand the social and spiritual significance of the nonhuman world? A religious world course in the GC Core.

REL 220 Introduction to World Religions 3
This survey will focus on a particular theme or area of religious experience as a window into the world's major religious traditions. Possible themes include: death, the human condition, or worship and ritual. This course is designed to provide students with a basis for more advanced study of particular traditions or a place to begin making sense of religious diversity or different expressions of spirituality when they encounter them.

REL 225 Spiritual Formation 1
Various topical courses based on student and faculty interest aimed to foster spiritual growth among students for general life application or ministry skill development. Course examples include Prayer Disciplines, Wrestling with the Biblical Text, Leading Small Groups, Preaching, and Preparation for Inquiry (a strong recommendation for participation in Camping, Ministry and Service Inquiry Programs).

REL 286 Creation & Evolution 3
This course uses a case study methodology in which complex problems are addressed and discussed in an interdisciplinary framework on a weekly basis. Various approaches to creation theology are explored, and avenues of productive engagement are sought between religion and science. Particular attention will be devoted to the problem of human nature from theological and evolutionary perspectives. Students develop and present their own case studies, learning to formulate complex problems in an interdisciplinary way. Alongside the more conventional work of reading, writing and interdisciplinary discussion, class members participate actively in the annual Goshen Science and Religion Conference.

REL 309 Enduring Iss: Christian Perspective 3
Examines the biblical heritage and major doctrines of Christian faith. Explores basic issues such as individualism and community, personal decision-making, social justice, and relating to other religious traditions. Class members will be challenged to think through their own responses to these issues. Available only in adult studies programs.

REL 310 Topics: 3
Lectures, research and discussion of specific topics in religion such as politics and religion, spirituality, religion and the media.

REL 315 Religion in Culture & Society 3
(Cross-listed from Soc 315) An analysis of the social, cultural and political contexts that profoundly affect religious institutions and expressions, and upon which religion has an influence. Course includes such topics as meaning and belonging, modern individualism, dynamics of religious collectives and the impact of religion on social change.

REL 316 Liberation Theologies 3
Focuses on three contemporary theologies of liberation (Latin American Liberation Theology, Black Theologies and Feminist Theologies) as they are developing in the Americas. The course examines similarities and differences among these three theologies - in conversation with Womanist and Latina theologies - as each addresses specific theological questions raised by the people of God in historical and contemporary situations of exploration and oppression. The course also has a praxis component.

REL 317 Islam 3
An introduction to Islamic religion, culture and civilization. An historical survey will introduce the origins and early development of Islam, its rapid spread and flourishing and its interactions with the Western world. A thorough understanding of the core religious beliefs of Islam will be emphasized, through the examination of primary and secondary texts, rich media resources, guest speakers, and a field trip to a local mosque, with an opportunity to speak with the imam and other members of the community. Some of the contemporary issues facing Muslims around the world and in North America will be discussed.

REL 318 Anabaptist/Mennonite History 3
(Cross-listed from Hist 318) Introduction to Mennonite history and thought. About one-third of the course is devoted to Anabaptism. Special attention given to distinctive Anabaptist religious ideas, changes in Mennonite religious ideas and practice in Europe, migrations, contrasts in social-communal practices among Mennonites and related groups.

REL 320 Christian Theologies 3
A thorough introduction to theology, examining Christianity's basic theological features and themes (e.g. human nature, Christology, atonement, the nature of the church, eschatology). An excellent course for those committed to Christian faith as well as skeptics and those along faith's margins. Careful attention will be paid to both historical development of theology as well as contemporary credibility. Prerequisite: CORE 120 or consent of instructor.

REL 321 History of Mennonites in America 3
(Cross-listed from Hist 321) Emphasis on Mennonites as a people developing and interacting with the larger American society, using themes such as migration, community formation, beliefs, acculturation and pacifist citizenship in war and peace.

REL 322 Worshiping Communities 3
An introduction to the forms, styles, and history of Christian worship. Content includes a survey of the liturgical year and the major traditions of Christian spirituality. In addition, students will reflect on themes ranging from public and private forms of worship to the aesthetics of worship spaces. Students will also have the opportunity to actively reflect on how social realities and political concerns can be resources for discipleship, spiritual growth, and corporate worship.

REL 323 Judaism 3
An introduction to the essential beliefs, texts and religious practices of Judaism. The course will survey biblical and talmudic foundations, sketch historical development in Jewish life, thought and religion, and explore Jewish identity. Central concepts such as God, Law and Israel will illuminate the customs, rituals and values of contemporary Judaism. The class will visit a local synagogue and engage in conversation with the rabbi and members of the Jewish community. Special attention will be devoted to an appreciation of the deep continuities that exist among the "peoples of the book" as well as recognition of the unique contributions each has made to contemporary world culture.

REL 328 Spiritual Writings of Women 3
A survey of women's writings about the spiritual journey. Includes a range of medieval through 20th-century women. Examines women's use of their experiences as one source of theologizing.

REL 374 Congregational Ministries 3
This pre-seminary course will introduce students to the basic contours of Christian congregational ministries: public ministry (preaching, worship leading, etc.), pastoral care, church administration, and service in the broader community. Attention also will be paid to leaders' own spiritual development, the power of pastoral ministry and its attendant risks, the dangers of transference and counter-transference in counseling relationships, and the sociological dynamics and functions of religious institutions. Designed for those considering active involvement in pastoral ministries.

REL 380 Art & Faith in Life & Work 4
This course draws on the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, church history, Christian theology and ethics to explore issues of basic importance to today's working professionals. These issues will be considered through the lenses of the arts in an interdisciplinary dialogue that seeks to develop competency in both literary and visual arts. The historical relationship between religion and the arts will be explored. Meanings encoded in the arts will be unraveled through an investigative and analytic approach that helps students to "read" a wide variety of art forms. Students will be challenged to think through their own responses to perennial issues to answer the question: What are my essential beliefs and values, and how do these shape the way I live and work? Taught in adult degree completion programs.

REL 402 Christianity & Modern Thought 3
(Cross-listed from Rel 410) A seminar examining and assessing narrative theology and ethics. An attempt to state faith in meaningful terms by understanding the principles and structures of narrative and habitually using them. This course also serves as the senior seminar for Bible and religion majors, and only seniors are allowed in the course. Participation for non-Bible and religion majors requires the consent of the professor.

REL 405 Spiritual Care and Healing 3
Especially oriented towards the professional caregiver, this course emphasizes the interaction of spiritual factors with physical and emotional ones in the lives of helpers and their clients. Course enrollment includes a commitment to regularly practice one of the classical spiritual disciplines as a source of spiritual renewal and healing.

REL 409 Internship & Career 3 (2-3)
Approved practical experience related to studies in religion, including a 40-hour internship or work experience and a directed career preparation component. This can include internships with local religious agencies, non-profits, spiritual care offices, or related organizations. Further options in ministry include internships with campus ministries, local churches, or the Ministry Inquiry Program.

REL 410 Religion Senior Seminar 3
Advanced work in the principles and challenges of religious identities, studies, and applications. The senior seminar includes an individual research thesis project and collaborative readings/discussions on a particular theme in theology or ethics.

REL 411 Senior Thesis 3
This course will meet as a regularly scheduled course. Students will develop a research project based upon material with which they have worked in an earlier Bible or Religion course. One professor will supervise all the students registered in the course. Assistance may be solicited from other professors with more expertise in an area. Students will work at an advanced level using principles and methods of research and situate their work within the context of the story of Religion and Christian faith. Students will polish their composition and oral presentation skills.

Sociology courses

SOC 154 Statistical Literacy 3
This course introduces students to the critical thinking skills they need to understand statistical topics that they may encounter in the popular media or their future careers. Students will learn to critically evaluate the statistical information they encounter during everyday life, with a focus on becoming intelligent consumers, rather than producers, of data. Course activities focus on the interpretation, evaluation, and communication of real-world situations and news stories. Meets the Quantitative Literacy requirement in the Goshen Core.

SOC 200 Principles of Sociology 3
An introduction to the principles and methods used in the study of human society. Includes a survey of topics in social problems, social inequalities, social identity, human ecology and social change.

SOC 205 Introduction to Gender Studies 3
(Cross-listed from WGS 200) Introduction to major areas of feminist thought (historical and contemporary) that shaped the field of Women's Studies. Course objectives focus on increasing students' understandings of the social systemic factors (i.e., sociological factors) that influence women's lived experience. Readings, small group discussions, and service learning/activism projects enable students to apply feminist theory concerning women and gender in an interdisciplinary context. This course serves as an introductory survey course for the women and gender Studies minor and a topical exploration for sociology.

SOC 209 Field Experience in Soc/Anthro 3 (1-3)
Offers first and second-year students opportunity to gain first-hand experience in settings where sociological or anthropological perspectives and skills are put to work. Arrangements for field experience are made at initiative of the student in consultation with a faculty adviser and a supervisor at the field-experience location. Forty hours of field experience will be expected for each hour of credit earned. Prerequisite: Soc 200.

SOC 210 Sociology of the Family 3
A study of the role of family in society and culture. Includes a comparative history of the family institution as well as an examination of social trends affecting mate selection, marriage, family roles and family relationships in contemporary society and culture.

SOC 216 Youth in Society 3
This course will examine how public perceptions and constructions of youth have evolved over time by asking (and answering) the following questions. How are contemporary youth more or less similar than preceding generations? Where does "youth culture" come from and how has it changed? How do social structure and the wider culture shape youth and social constructions of youth? Students will study the lives of youth from an interdisciplinary and social scientific framework that encompasses an in-depth look at the interconnections of human behavior and social institutions. A social world course in the GC Core.

SOC 230 Ethnography and Culture 3
An introduction to ethnographic methods and cultural analysis. The course will operate on two interrelated dimensions, one focused on the history of ethnography and cultural analysis in anthropology and sociology, the other focused on practical techniques of qualitative research, including specific skills in qualitative research design, methods, and data analysis. The course includes an ethnographic research project.

SOC 236 Latin American Societies & Cultures 3
Current developments are examined within the context of a general survey of Latin-American societies and cultures. The course aims to provide: 1) a basic knowledge of Central and South-American geography and social structure, 2) an acquaintance with alternative ways of interpreting information about and experiential knowledge of Latin-American life, and 3) an opportunity to explore themes of oppression and liberation as these pertain to Latin-American thought and experience.

SOC 245 Women's Concerns 3
(Cross-listed with SoWk 245) This course covers a wide range of issues that are part of contemporary North American women's lives. The place of women in society is approached from the position of social and economic justice. The course: (a) examines and critiques the U.S. American women's movement as an interpersonal and psychological phenomenon; (b) identifies cultural, religious, racial, social, economic and political processes as they affect women's lives; (c) considers women to be persons of worth and value with the right of self-determination; and (d) assists in understanding, contextually, women's requests for help and appropriate intervention strategies. Class participation and small group discussions are important components of course learning.

SOC 260 Human Sexuality 3
Biological, psychological and sociological factors determining sex-role identification and role performance; human reproduction, fertility control and sexual disorders; social and spiritual values in human sexuality; sex discrimination and movements toward sex equality.

SOC 302 Urban Diversity 3
Student is exposed to issues affecting the lives of an ethnically and religiously diverse urban populace - racism, sexism, classism - and helped to develop new ways of conceptualizing and interpreting the contemporary urban scene. Reading, research and writing are integrated with the student's first-hand involvement in issues under study. Available only through the Chicago Center or WCSC in Washington, D.C.

SOC 310 Social Theory 3
A comparative study of prominent social theorists of the past 200 years with specific attention to their interpretations of social changes related to modernity, globalization, and identity. Includes an examination of the purpose of social theory particularly as it relates to sociological inquiry. Prerequisite: Soc 200 or consent of instructor. Taught in a distance education format as part of the Sociology Collaborative.

SOC 315 Religion in Culture and Society 3
An analysis of the social, cultural and political contexts that profoundly affect religious institutions and expressions, and upon which religion has an influence. Course includes such topics as meaning and belonging, modern individualism, dynamics of religious collectives and the impact of religion on social change.

SOC 320 Environmental Sociology 3
A survey of environmental sociology including theories of human-environment interaction, a history of various environmental movements and other developments with significant ecological implications, cross cultural comparisons of human-environment relations, and questions of justice with relation to who decides about resource use and who suffers the effects of environmental degradation.

SOC 322 Social Policy and Programs 3
(Cross-listed from SoWk 322) Economic and social justice is used as an organizing framework to study the relationship between major social problems and social welfare policy, programs and services. Included are poverty, health and mental-health care, family problems, racism, sexism and other forms of institutionalized oppression. The political aspects of social welfare policy and the legislative process itself are examined in depth. Prerequisites: SoWk 221, 224, or consent of instructor.

SOC 331 Social Justice and Social Change 3
This course begins with a history of social justice and social change as concepts in the field of sociology and then sees how this foundation influenced contemporary social justice practitioners and theorists. Particular attention is given to social movements, the role of organizing and civil society. Theory is integrated into practical social justice methodologies and community-based learning. Particular attention is paid to issues of power and powerlessness in domestic and/or international contexts. This course is offered every other year. Prerequisite: SOC 200.

SOC 334 Race, Class & Ethnic Relations 3
A study of race/ethnic group interaction, gender and class dynamics focusing on marginalized groups in the U.S. Attention is given to social class, power and majority-group dominance as factors in assimilation and culture-loss or collective self-determination and maintenance of cultural pluralism. Prerequisite: Soc 200 or consent of instructor.

SOC 340 African Societies and Cultures 3
A study of the current development and modernization of the nations and peoples of Sub-Sahara Africa. After brief attention to the geographic, historical and anthropological factors underlying Africa's development, the major focus will be on the current social and political forces that are shaping the developing nations.

SOC 342 Native American Societies & Culture 3
A survey of the diversity and shared patterns of Native American societies and their development from the first settlements of North America until the present day. The course aims to foster a broad and sensitive understanding of the history, lifeways and spirituality of Native Americans and to develop an appreciation for Native American values and contributions to world history.

SOC 351 Contemporary Issues: 3
Study on a current social topic, problem, or issue. Examples include food and society, male identity, Latino families. Topics vary and may be requested by students.

SOC 380 Statistics in Research 3
(Cross-listed from Psyc 380) A study of data analysis and its relationship to research methods in a variety of settings. Collection, presentation and analysis of numerical data, including descriptive, parametric, and nonparametric statistics. Students are strongly encouraged to complete the Quantitative Literacy requirement in the Goshen Core before taking this course.

SOC 391 Methods of Social Research 3
(Cross-listed from SoWk 391) An introduction to the principles and methods of social research. Students will develop the knowledge and skills needed to develop and evaluate research designs, interpret both qualitative and quantitative research, and be effective consumers of research knowledge. Prerequisites: Soc 200 or Pubh 200

SOC 392 Junior Seminar in Social Research 3
Philosophy of science in sociology; synthesis of theory and method; choice of a topic and initial literature review, research design and piloting of any instruments in preparation for Soc 409 Field Experience and Soc 410 Senior Seminar. To be taken Spring semester of the junior year. Prerequisites: Soc 310, 391. Taught in a distance education format as part of the Sociology Collaborative.

SOC 400 Advanced Readings 1
This independent study provides the opportunity for Sociology majors and minors to pursue more individualized, self-guided study and research in a topic of interest, and strengthen their skills and knowledge in an area of sociology or anthropology where they have not been able to do course work. Prerequiste: Soc 310, upper level standing, and consent of instructor.

SOC 409 Field Experience in Sociology 3 (3-6)
Experience in the practice of social research outside the classroom; students continue researching and developing the topic they proposed in Soc 392 Junior Seminar in Social Research in preparation for writing and presenting their thesis research in Soc 410 Senior Seminar. Prerequiste: Soc 392.

SOC 410 Senior Seminar 1
Students complete their thesis research and writing, culminating in a formal presentation of their work. Questions related to Sociology as a profession will also be addressed. Prerequisite: Soc 392.

SOC 430 Environmental Justice 3
This course provides an examination of structural patterns of injustice around environmental harms and benefits. We examine the history and construction of environmental problems and paradigms and the development of an environmental justice discourse brought about through social movements. Through selected case studies we explore an array of issues, including climate justice, electronic waste trade, water rights, urban greenspace, "natural" disaster, internal colonialism, pollution, and war. This course is offered every other year.

Social work courses

SOWK 200 Introduction to Social Work 3
This course provides an analysis of the knowledge base, value structure, purpose, nature, history and function of social work practice in various social welfare activities and social workers through observation and guided participation in programs for meeting human need. Students engage in a specific field experience as part of course requirements and must furnish their own transportation.

SOWK 209 Social Service Field Experience 3
This course focuses on an integrated understanding of the organizational and community context for social work practice while offering students an opportunity to observe and interact with social work practitioners and offer specific services to clients in a 40-hour agency placement. The class introduces the skills needed to engage, assess, intervene and evaluate with clients through the phases of social work practice. Additionally, students have the opportunity to reflect and process their experiences in the field, participate in experiential class exercises, and discuss topics related to professionalism, ethical decision making, and diversity. Prerequisites: SoWk 200 or consent of instructor. Students furnish their own transportation.

SOWK 221 Human Behavior 3
This course is a study of the individual through the life cycle within the social environment. Foci include physical, psychological, social, cultural and religious factors in the development of the self. Dimensions of diversity (including but not limited to gender, race, class and sexual orientation) and their corollaries of privilege and oppression are seen as paramount in understanding how persons achieve optimum well-being. Select theories of development are discussed and critiqued against an understanding of current research, and an understanding of the value of persons and their right to self-determination. A Social World course in the Goshen Core.

SOWK 229 Child Welfare 3
Through a careful analysis of US policies and practices related to the protection and empowerment of children, this Social Work elective addresses the socio-historical roots, inequalities, professional roles and responsibilities, and contemporary realities of what it means to care for children in US society. A Peacemaking course in the Goshen Core offered on a rotating basis every fourth year.

SOWK 231 Aging in US Society 3
This Social Work elective explores the normal aging process, the unique challenges experienced by older adults, and the US societal context related to aging. Course content engages a range of issues present in our current context of the rapid growth of the US population over age 65. The course explores how policies, practices, systems and services influence, and are influenced by aging individuals, families, and US society. It examines the ways in which older adults adapt to changes, as well as the ways that interventions/services may assist with these adaptations. It also explores the needs and issues encountered by older adults both within the community and within institutional settings, including a focus on caregivers. This is a Social World course in the Goshen Core, offered on a rotating basis every fourth year.

SOWK 245 Women's Concerns 3
This course critically examines the social and economic justice issues related to how gender and sexuality impact the roles, statuses and social locations of women and nonbinary individuals. Course content explores the impact of the women's movement, along with other social movement(s) related to gender and sexual liberation in the United States. It also identifies the cultural, religious, racial, social, economic, environmental, and political processes that affect the lives of gender minorities in the US. This course is primarily discussion-based. As a Social Work elective, this course is offered on a rotating basis every fourth year.

SOWK 250 Human Services: Special Studies 3
An in-depth seminar on a selected field of service, program or policy issue. Particular emphasis is given to concepts of exploitation and social/economic justice. Check the course offering list to see current options. As a Social Work elective, this course is offered on a rotating basis every fourth year.

SOWK 322 Social Welfare Policy & Program I 3
Social, environmental, and economic justice all serve as organizing principles in this course for the study of social problems and the critique of existing and proposed social welfare policy. Students will develop an understanding of policy-making processes and the connection between social problems and social welfare policy, programs, and services across local, state and federal levels. Students will also develop an understanding of the role of policy in the context of generalist social work practice, and be introduced to the concept of policy practice. Prerequisites: SoWk 200, 221 or consent of instructor.

SOWK 323 Social Welfare Policy & Program II 4
This course assists students in acquiring a critical understanding of social welfare policies and programs, and in developing beginning skills in policy and advocacy practice. The content of the course is integrated with that of Social Work Practice Theory I and therefore, students will build upon their knowledge to develop intervention strategies to respond to selected social problems at both the direct practice (micro) and policy/program (macro) levels. Intervention at a macro level requires skill in working with social systems and advocating with individuals and communities for social change. Prerequisite: SoWk 322 and be a social work major. Taken concurrently with SoWk 325.

SOWK 325 Social Work Practice Theory I 4
This course facilitates student development of social work skills and knowledge base to prepare them for entry into Field Instruction in their senior year of study. The content of the course is integrated with that of Social Welfare Policy and Program II. It emphasizes the development of a theoretical base for social work practice and includes experiential learning activities to build specific social work practice skills. Prerequisites: SoWk 200, 221, and be a social work major. Taken concurrently with SoWk 323.

SOWK 391 Methods of Social Research 3
(Cross-listed from Soc 391) An introduction to the principles and methods of social research. Students will develop the knowledge and skills needed to develop and evaluate research designs, interpret both qualitative and quantitative research, and be effective consumers of research knowledge. Prerequisites: Soc 200

SOWK 409 Field Instruction 5
Integration and application of knowledge, values, skills, and cognitive and affective processes in the practice setting under a qualified field instructor in a social service agency. Upon successful completion of Field Instruction, the student is prepared for beginning professional practice. Field Instruction must be applied for during the spring of the year preceding enrollment. Usually taken over two semesters; may be taken for 10 credits over the course of one semester by approval of program director. The grading system for this course is credit/no credit. Prerequisites: SoWk 323, 325 and consent of field director. Must be taken concurrently with, or after successful completion of SOWK 425. Students furnish their own transportation for field placement. Field Instruction provides 400 clock hours of supervised and directed practice learning.

SOWK 410 Social Work Senior Seminar 2
This course facilitates the Integration of social work knowledge, theory, and values, with field instruction practice. Integration occurs through class discussions and field trips on relevant topics, and the written and oral examination process. Students actively participate in developing the agenda for classroom sessions. Must be taken concurrently with SOWK 409.

SOWK 425 Social Work Practice Theory II 3
This course requires students to build on and expand their knowledge and skills from Social Work Practice Theory I and Social Welfare Policy and Program II, as they apply them to social work practice with individuals, families and social systems of varying size. This course is taught concurrently with the first semester of field instruction, which provides the opportunity to integrate theory with skill development. Prerequisites: SoWk 323, 325, and admission to the program.

Spanish courses

SPAN 101 Elementary Spanish I 4
Requires students to acquire basic skills in listening for comprehension, speaking, reading and writing Spanish for beginners. It exposes students to cultural practices of Spanish speaking communities; class work includes collaborative learning.

SPAN 102 Elementary Spanish II 4
Continues building and developing skills in listening for comprehension, understanding, speaking, reading and writing Spanish for beginners; class work includes collaborative learning. Prerequisite: Span 101 or equivalent on placement test.

SPAN 103 Elementary Spanish III 4
Emphasis on basic communication skills in the target language and culture. Normally offered only on SST. Prerequisite: Span 102 or equivalent.

SPAN 201 Intermediate Spanish I 3
Requires students to review grammar and conduct intensive oral practice. Prerequisite: Span 102 or equivalent.

SPAN 202 Intermediate Spanish II 3
Leads students to read and discuss short stories, drama, poetry and topics in Spanish culture. Emphasizes improving reading, writing and conversational skills. Prerequisite: Span 103, 201 or equivalent.

SPAN 203 Intermediate Spanish III 4
Continues building grammar skills and the daily practice of spoken Spanish. Normally offered only on SST. Prerequisite: Span 201 or equivalent.

SPAN 205 Spanish Conversation & Culture 3
Offers extensive practice in spoken Spanish and discussion of cultural practices, life experiences and points of view of communities in Spanish-speaking countries. Course especially designed to meet interests of returned SST students. Prerequisite: Span 103, 201 or equivalent.

SPAN 270 Advanced Spanish Grammar 3
Requires students to identify, review, practice, and use Spanish grammar structures in context. It helps students develop strategies to improve writing and speaking in Spanish. Prerequisite: Span 201 or equivalent.

SPAN 300 Intro to Hispanic Literature 3
Offers an overview of the literary canon in Spanish, provides critical tools for reading, and requires that students discuss, analyze, and write about literature, its context, genres, styles, and meaning. Required for Spanish majors; appropriate for returning SST students, CITL students, and others who speak Spanish and want to deepen their knowledge of Hispanic literature. Prerequisite: Span 270 or equivalent.

SPAN 301 Spanish Lit I Beg-Gold Age 3
Surveys various genres and styles in Peninsular literature. Focuses on close readings, critical analysis of works produced from the Middle Ages through Golden-Age. Prerequisite: Span 300 or equivalent.

SPAN 302 Spanish Lit II 19th/21st Century 3
Continues a survey of various genres and styles in Peninsular literature. Focuses on close readings, critical analysis of works produced from late-18th to the 21st-century writers. Prerequisite: Span 300 or equivalent.

SPAN 303 Spanish Composition I 3
Requires students to develop and improve writing skills for communication through a review of Spanish grammar and composition strategiessnar. Prerequisite: Span 300 or equivalent.

SPAN 304 Spanish Composition II 3
Continues developing and improving student's writing skills for communication through a review of Spanish grammar and composition strategies. Prerequisite: Span 303 or equivalent.

SPAN 305 Culture of Hispanic World 3
Focuses on culture, history, literature and music of the Hispanic world, with particular emphasis on Spanish-speaking SST locations. Comprehensive experience in written and spoken Spanish. Prerequisite: Span 300 or equivalent.

SPAN 309 Spanish-Amer Novel 20th/21st Centur 3
Focuses on selected 20th-century Spanish-American novels representing various styles from Latin-American writers. Prerequisite: Span 300 or equivalent.

SPAN 322 Spanish-American Literature 3
Focuses on studying selected 20th and 21st centuries Spanish-American novels representing various styles, genres, regions, eras, and movements. Prerequisite: Span 300 or equivalent.

SPAN 349 Hispanic Short Stories 3
Presents Hispanic literature through Latin American, Spanish and U.S. Latina/o short stories. Students read, analyze and discuss stories; study the lives and historical contexts of authors and engage in critical reading and writing about short form narrative. Prerequisite: Span 300 or consent of instructor.

SPAN 350 Hispanic Film Studies 3
Presents Hispanic culture, conversation and grammar using films in Spanish. Shows representative films, followed by activities which include written assignments, small-group presentations and discussions. Draws comparisons between written and visual narratives and offers critical tools to understand and analyze films. Prerequisite: Span 300 or consent from instructor.

SPAN 375 Topics: 3
Topics course for Spanish language and culture.

SPAN 400 Special Projects 1 (1-4)
Requires students to develop independent projects varying from studies in literature to advanced practice of language skills. Reserved for Spanish majors and minors

SPAN 409 Language Internship 3
Guides and supervises students through the experience of serving a Spanish speaking community. Required of all departmental majors. Requirement usually fulfilled in extensive residence or study abroad in the language of the major, internship abroad or student teaching. Majors may also propose projects.

SPAN 410 Senior Seminar 1
Students study and analyze the history of the language, its variations, cultural relevance, politics, and place in the world. Students conduct self-reflection and future planning through writing and presentations, including a capstone project that can be a portfolio, professional presentation, research paper or similar. Required for graduating majors.

Sustainability courses

SUST 155 Topics: Sustainability Seminar 1
This course is designed to provide space for discussion and synthesis among interested students, whether their majors are sustainability or another field altogether. This will allow students to integrate learning in their various courses, and gain perspective from their peers in related fields. Specific topic and content will vary each time this course is taught. Repeatable course.

SUST 200 Sustainable Living Skills 1
Introduction to basic skills and decision-making for more sustainable living. Scheduled one three spring spring semester Saturdays at Merry Lea, but also includes online assignments at other points in the semester. Addresses how matter, energy and information flow through a human activity or production and how sustainable choices can shift those flows to increase personal health, health of the planet, and eco-justice. Repeatable course.

SUST 201 Intro to Sustainability 3
Students will explore the nature of complex socio-ecological systems and patterns of problems and dynamics within those systems. The "triple bottom line" (people - planet - profit) will be a primary framework through which sustainability solutions will be explored. An emphasis will be placed on understanding how a wide range of solutions in various situations have worked, how governance paradigms arise, and how changes to the systems were possible.

SUST 298 Ecology & Sustainability in India 3
This course focuses on the intense connection between ecological context and human society by studying across the steep elevation gradient between the North Indian Plains and the Himalaya Mountains. Students will examine the ways that social structures and practices contribute to or detract from the sustainability of human life in diverse landscapes. The course will include analysis of sustainability strategies with an eye towards their applicability in the North American context. Offered in odd-year May terms.

SUST 309 Sustainability, Spirituality Ethics 3
In this course, we immerse ourselves in the stories and ideas of people who have made a positive contribution to the sustainability of the planet. What kind of faith or worldview contributed to action? How does our understanding of right and wrong influence the health of earth? How is justice a part of this story? Justice for whom? How does spirituality relate to sustainability? The course emphasizes peacemaking and justice as essential to addressing environmental problems. Assignments encourage students to craft an ethic of their own. Taught as part of the Sustainability Semester at Merry Lea.

SUST 313 Freshwater Resources 3
This course examines the physical, chemical and biological variables of freshwater lakes, streams and wetlands, as well as groundwaters, all of which influence living organisms in these aquatic ecosystems. Emphasis on how their interactions contribute to the environmental, economic and social health of watersheds that make up every landscape. Taught as part of the Sustainability Semester at Merry Lea.

SUST 318 Agroecology 3
In this time of climate crisis and environmental degradation agriculture stands out as a major global force that can work towards further harm or usher in a regenerative future. This course focuses on the ecological approach to producing food and the regenerative agriculture solutions that are already being practiced in many contexts across the globe. Emphasis will be on the ecological design and function of these systems and the factors and institutions needed to scale up this work.This course constitutes one of the courses taught during Merry Lea's Sustainability Semester.

SUST 323 Regenerative Agricultural Practices 3
This course develops an understanding of the potential for human management of ecosystems to rebuild rather than degrade health, through a focus on agroecosystems. Students practice skills and learn theory within organic, permaculture, biodynamic, and systems-based frameworks while participating in a holistic management approach in the greenhouse, gardens, orchards and fields of Goshen College's ecological farm. Offered every fall as part of the Sustainability Semester at Merry Lea. Can not be registered for separately.

SUST 328 Organizing Communities for Change 3
This course explores ways in which communities work together to achieve common sustainability goals. Working from an applied perspective, students will learn about many factors that can drive positive change, from political organizing and policy-making, to grassroots organizing and community capacity-building. Through field visits with a wide variety of stakeholders, the course will provide many examples of change being made, while also providing numerous examples of career trajectories and ways to incorporate this work into one's future. Offered every fall as part of the Sustainability Semester at Merry Lea. Can not be registered for separately

SUST 335 Climate Ethics & Climate Policy 3
Situates climate change responses as both a political and a complex moral challenge. The course will critically examine multiple climate policy proposals from various ethical perspectives. What forms of justice are at stake in climate change? What would climate justice entail? What are the political possibilities and political obstacles to just and equitable and effective climate policies? Offered even-year spring semesters.

SUST 340 Field Experience in Env Ed 3
Participants will develop and conduct interpretive programs in nature study for visiting school groups; observe practices related to managing a natural area and participate in discussions of environmental issues. Instruction takes place at the Merry Lea Environmental Learning Center during May term. Enrollment by permission of instructor only.

SUST 345 Ecol Ethics & Environ Movements 3
This course introduces key debates in the field of environmental ethics by exploring how competing ideas about sustainability developed historically within movements to conserve, preserve, protect, and restore threatened environments. Students engage a series of cases centered around specific ecological problems, explore the environmental movement(s) that arose to address each problem, and consider the ethical claims and strategies the movements used to argue for and enact responses. The course orients students to the historical and contemporary landscape of environmentalism in the U.S. and beyond, and in the process introduces diverse paradigms of environmental ethics alongside a range of social/political strategies for sustainability praxis. Offered odd-year spring semesters.

SUST 350 Sustainability & the Built Environ 3
This course will introduce students to the ways in which human design decisions - of landscapes, cities, and buildings - can promote a wide variety of sustainability goals. Through explorations of landscape architecture, urban design, and building certification standards, among other areas, students will learn how human health, social equity, economic vitality, and ecological vibrancy can all be dramatically improved based on the investments we make in our designed environment. Field trips and guest lecturers will bring students into contact with practitioners in many of these fields. The course will include projects connected to the Goshen community (College, City, and region), and relevant certifications can also be pursued by students as a part of work in this course. Prerequisite: SUST 201 or similar course approved by the instructor. Offered in even-year spring semesters.

SUST 409 Sustainability Internship 1 ((1-3))
Work experience in, or student observation of, a sustainability enterprise or problem. Each student's project is individually arranged with the instructor and must be approved prior to enrolling in this course. The course is designed to integrate and apply theoretical learning with experience.

SUST 410 Sustainability Capstone 3
A seminar course intended for a student's final year of study. Will combine culminating reflection on the nature and role of sustainability in socio-ecological systems, as well as individual thesis project work (either topical analysis or applied community project). As a cohort, students will also plan some sustainability programming for the campus or local community.

Theater courses

THEA 160 Dance I 2
Introductory course: dance techniques; improvisation; some focus on jazz, ethnic, and other theatrical dance forms.

THEA 200 Theater Practice 1 (1-2)
Applied on-campus work in a theater production or other theater activity. All students involved in a semester production register for at least 0 credits. A repeatable course with a maximum of two hours applicable toward a theater major or minor. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

THEA 201 Theater for Social Change 3
History, elements, and methods of theater performance. Includes script analysis, developing a performance vocabulary, idea generation/research, theater games/exercises, production work and performance critique. Class members will create and present a public performance that explores a current campus or regional social issue. An Artistic World course in the Goshen Core.

THEA 209 Field Experience 3 (1-3)
Experiential learning in an off-campus professional setting, for theater majors and minors. The student contracts with a faculty member in regard to goals, performance expectations, supervision, evaluation and course subtitle. The 209 level is intended for first year and sophomore students. Upper level students should enroll in 409. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

THEA 225 The Theater Experience 3
This course examines the elements of theater and the production process. It will include script analysis of selected plays, acting exercises, and design and production work. A theater lab will be required.

THEA 234 Acting I 3
Fundamental acting skills: movement, voice and character development. An emphasis on Stanislavski's theory of acting and realistic scene work. Scene studies from selected scripts.

THEA 235 The Power of Story 3
An introduction to performance studies as a mode of inquiry. Concentration on the methods of communicating narrative texts for various audiences. Course activities/assignments will explore the power and role of story in contemporary culture by analyzing and participating in various storytelling methods. Attention will be paid to the elements of vocal expression.

THEA 236 Stagecraft 3
Introduction to the techniques of theater production including carpentry, scene painting, props, lighting and sound equipment. Lab work on current productions.

THEA 245 Aesthetics 3
The study of aesthetics focuses on the philosophy of art, the nature of creativity, the work created, the problem of form and style, expression in art, society and ethics and arts and religion. The course includes lectures, primary reading materials and papers.

THEA 260 Dance II 2
Introductory course: dance techniques offered on a rotating basis or based on the needs of an upcoming mainstage production. Styles may include ballet, jazz, modern, lyrical, and tap dance technique. May be repeated for credit when styles and techniques are different. Pre-requisite: THEA 160 or consent of instructor.

THEA 315 Survey of Musical Theater 3
An introduction to the landmark musicals and key trends in musical styles with a primary focus on 20th and 21st century American and British musicals, artists, and their historical antecedents. The social and cultural contexts giving rise to the creation of various musicals is also examined.

THEA 331 Stage Management 3
Training in the structure and practice of theatrical stage management for the academic and professional branches of the discipline.

THEA 332 Design for the Theater 3
Principles, methods and aesthetics of theater production: design, stagecraft, lighting, costume, sound and make-up. Lab work on current productions.

THEA 334 Acting II 3
A study of acting techniques that apply to period styles such as Ancient Greece, Elizabethan, the Restoration, etc. Scene study from selected scripts will be used to explore and develop effective vocal and physical skills to communicate expressive meaning. Laboratory experiences in movement, voice, and acting as well as character and script analysis. Prerequisite: THEA 234 or consent of the instructor

THEA 335 Audition Technique 1
Prepare audition material and develop audition etiquette. Experience mock audition scenarios.

THEA 336 Contemporary Drama 3
Reading, discussion and analysis of dramatic literature of the latter half of the 20th century to today. The course focuses on plays written in or translated into English, but the list of playwrights studied is not limited to England and the U.S.

THEA 338 Directing 3
Principles of interpretation, analysis, design, composition and stage movement. The director's craft: play selection, auditions, rehearsals, and production. Laboratory work under faculty supervision. Prerequisite: Thea 225, Thea 234 or consent of instructor.

THEA 350 Playwriting 3 (1-3)
Students will examine the theory and practice of playwriting. Typically, students write a one-act play as the course requirement. Class will meet regularly as a seminar. Prerequisite: Any college writing course.

THEA 355 Arts in London 4
A May term class that encompasses theater, art and music study and experiences in London, England. Class activities include morning lectures, visits to art galleries, attending music and theater performances, and day trips to Coventry, Stratford-upon-Avon, and other locations. Daily writing assignments and a major project required. A screening process reviews the health and the academic and behavioral performance of all pre-registrants. SST alternate course. Offered in alternate years. Extra cost.

THEA 360 Dance III 2
Advanced dance techniques offered on a rotating basis or based on the needs of an upcoming mainstage production. May be repeated for credit when styles and techniques are different. Pre-requisite: THEA 260 or consent of instructor.

THEA 386 History of Theater I 3
A study of the forms and conventions of all phases of theater (writing, performance, design, architecture) from classical Greece through the Renaissance. Emphasis on trends in performance. Includes the reading of selected plays. May be taken in either order with THEA 387.

THEA 387 History of Theater II 3
A study of the forms and conventions of all phases of theater (writing, performance, design, architecture) from the English Restoration through the 20th century. Emphasis on trends in performance. Includes the reading of selected plays. May be taken in either order with THEA 386.

THEA 388 Themes in Drama 3 (1-4)
A concentrated study of selected themes in drama. Themes might include a major playwright, movement for the stage, creative drama, improvisational or ensemble acting, religious drama or theater and multiculturalism. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.

THEA 409 Internship 3 (1-3)
An off-campus internship in a professional or non-profit setting for theater majors and minors. The student contracts with a faculty member in regard to goals, performance expectations, supervision, evaluation and course subtitle. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

THEA 410 Senior Seminar 3
Students will discuss practical, professional, and ethical dimensions of their Goshen College education. They will engage in a common reading experience, conduct a final project, interview professionals in their aspirational fields, and prepare a capstone portfolio that reflects designated learning outcomes.

THEA 412 Special Project 1 (1-3)
Students may conduct research of particular interest or pursue specialized applied projects in theater under faculty supervision, such as stage managing, dramaturgy, designing or directing. Repeatable course. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

THEA 413 Mainstage Project 1
Students in the design/technical theater concentration are required to design or stage manage at least one mainstage production as a major requirement. Students taking on a performance role in a mainstage production can also receive credit with faculty approval. Repeatable course. This is an applied project under theater faculty supervision. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

THEA 414 Senior Project 1
All theater majors are required to complete a senior theater recital (or comparable project) for credit during the senior year. The student prepares a written proposal in advance that requires theater faculty approval. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

Women’s & gender studies courses

WGS 200 Introduction to Gender Studies 3
(Cross-listed with Soc 205) Introduction to major areas of feminist thought (historical and contemporary) and gender analysis that have shaped the field of Women's and Gender Studies. Course objectives focus on increasing students' understandings of the social systemic factors (i.e., sociological factors) that influence the lived experience of individuals across the gender spectrum. Readings, research, small group discussions, and projects enable students to apply feminist theory concerning gender in an interdisciplinary context. This course serves as an introductory survey course for the women's and gender studies minor and a topical exploration for sociology.

WGS 201 Gender in Global Context 3
How do economic development policies impact the basic rights and qualities of life for men and women in different cultural contexts? This course will examine ways that different cultures construct gender roles and how these diverse constructs affect economic development issues in a global context. Cultural attitudes toward LGBTQ identifying individuals is considered as well. A Social World course in the Goshen core.

WGS 205 Gender Conflict & Community 3
This class engages the individual and social conflicts that emerge around gender identity. Through the work of activists, scholars, philosophers, and writers--historical and contemporary--students will better understand gendered experience and identity in a patriarchal context. Within the framework of feminist/gender theory, we will use intersectionality as a lens to examine the ways that gender issues vary within multiple contexts, particularly in the areas of race, class, and culture. We will also critique issues of privilege and power. By understanding the relationship of gender and peacemaking, students will develop strategies for bridging difference, fostering community, and advocating for social change. A Peacemaking course in the Goshen Core.

WGS 207 Gender and Race in Literature 3
(Cross-listed from Engl 207/307) Offered in conjunction with WGS 307 with parallel assignments for those with more limited experience with literary analysis. See description below.

WGS 209 Practicum 1
An approved internship, work experience, or service hours related to gender issues on campus or in the community. Requires 40 clock hours per credit hour. Weekly meeting with supervisor and final presentation. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor.

WGS 210 Sociology of the Family 3
(Cross-listed from Soc 210) The course combines institutional and functional approaches in the study of courtship, mate selection, marriage, family roles and relationships, family disorganization and social trends affecting the family in contemporary society and culture.

WGS 221 Human Behavior 3
(Cross-listed from SoWk 221) A study of the individual through the life cycle within the social environment. Focus on physical, psychological, social, cultural and religious factors in the development of the self.

WGS 230 Ethnography and Culture 3
(Cross-listed from Soc 230) An introduction to ethnographic methods and cultural analysis. The course will operate on two interrelated dimensions, one focused on the history of ethnography and cultural analysis in anthropology and sociology, the other focused on practical techniques of qualitative research, including specific skills in qualitative research design, methods, and data analysis. The course includes an ethnographic research project.

WGS 245 Women's Concerns 3
(Cross-listed from SoWk 245) This course covers a wide range of issues that are part of contemporary North American women's lives. The place of women in society is approached from the position of social and economic justice. The course: (a) examines and critiques the U.S. American women's movement as an interpersonal and psychological phenomenon; (b) identifies cultural, religious, racial, social, economic and political processes as they affect women's lives; (c) considers women to be persons of worth and value with the right of self-determination; and (d) assists in understanding, contextually, women's requests for help and appropriate intervention strategies. Class participation and small group discussions are important components of course learning.

WGS 260 Human Sexuality 3
(Cross-listed from Soc 260) Biographical, psychological and sociological factors determining sex-role identification and role performance; human reproduction, fertility control and sexual disorders; social and spiritual values in human sexuality; sex discrimination and movements toward sex equality.

WGS 275 Gender and Popular Culture 3
(Cross-listed from WGS 375) Offered in conjunction with WGS 375 with parallel assignments for those with more limited experience with Women's and Gender Studies. See description below.

WGS 307 Gender & Race in Literature 3
(Cross-listed from Engl 207/307) The study of literature written by women, particularly the cultural and theoretical concerns related to gender, ethnicity, and race. Topics addressed relate to the literary canon, gender representation and feminist literary theory. Offered in conjunction with WGS 207.

WGS 316 Liberation Theologies 3
(Cross-listed from Rel 316) Liberation Theologies focuses on three contemporary theologies of liberation (Latin American Liberation Theology, North American Black Theology and North American Feminist Theology) as they are developing in the Americas. The course examines similarities and differences among these three theologies - in conversation with Womanist and Latina theologies - as each addresses specific theological questions raised by the people of God in actual contemporary situations of exploration and oppression. The course also has a praxis component in which students move outward into the community.

WGS 322 Social Policy and Programs 3
(Cross-listed from SoWk 322) Economic and social justice is used as an organizing framework to study the relationship between major social problems and social welfare policy, programs and services. Included are poverty, health and mental-health care, family problems, racism, sexism and other forms of institutionalized oppression. The political aspects of social welfare policy and the legislative process itself are examined in depth. Prerequisites: SoWk 221, 224, 321 or consent of instructor.

WGS 324 Women in the Bible 3
(Cross-listed from Bibl 324) An examination of the characterization of women in Old and New Testament narratives, their role in biblical societies and the early church and their representation in Judeo-Christian culture, particularly our contemporary culture. The course draws upon current research and exegetical strategies in biblical studies. Prerequisite: CORE 120

WGS 325 Topics 3
Special topics courses in different disciplines that focus on specific issues related to women and/or gender.

WGS 328 Spiritual Writings of Women 3
(Cross-listed from Rel 328) A survey of women's writings about the spiritual journey. Includes a range of medieval through 20th-century women. Examines women's use of their experiences as one source of theologizing.

WGS 330 Gender in World History 3
(Cross-listed from Hist 330) A comparative studies in world history course. Women have been left out of the world's history, particularly women in the non-Western world who are stereotyped as oppressed and passive. Putting women back into the center of world history unsettles older historical paradigms and challenges our ethnocentric assumptions. Explores the diverse experiences of women as active agents in shaping their world through a comparative case-study approach.

WGS 334 Race, Class & Ethnic Relations 3
(Cross-listed from Soc 334) A study of race/ethnic group interaction, gender and class dynamics focusing on marginalized groups in the U.S. Attention is given to social class, power and majority-group dominance as factors in assimilation and culture-loss or collective self-determination and maintenance of cultural pluralism. Prerequiste: Soc 200 or consent of instructor.

WGS 335 Religion and Sexuality 3
(Cross-listed from Rel 330) An exploration of the meaning and purpose of human sexuality in the context of Christian (and other) religious faith(s) and in relation to culturally based attitudes. Topics addressed will include body phenomenology, body theology, gender issues, historical developments, sexuality and spirituality, singleness, marriage, friendship, sexual violence, and a variety of other theological, ethical and relational issues. The course draws extensively on feminist models, themes and authors.

WGS 355 Contemporary Gender Issues 3
An upper-level topics course that explores selected issues in the lives of individuals across the gender spectrum, such as bodies, sexuality and health; family relationships; gender and war; gender and sexual violence; gender and economic status in globalizing economies. Professors bring an interdisciplinary perspective to the subject. This course is taught in a cooperative learning environment.

WGS 370 Personal Violence and Healing 3
(Cross-listed from PJCS 370) A seminar course in which advanced students examine selected problems in violence. The course focuses upon the socio-cultural matrix of an individual's encounters with violence and integrates religious and ethical studies with the social sciences.

WGS 375 Gender and Popular Culture 3
(Cross-listed with Comm 385) A critical analysis of gender representation in social institutions, popular culture, literature, and film. Readings and projects will address definitions of femininity and masculinity, as well as gender, power, and sexuality, with the objective of helping students critique cultural representations and examine how textual narratives shape their own perceptions of gender, sex, and identity. Individual or collaborative projects take the form of art work, videos, texts (stories, poems, critiques, research), or performances, presented in a seminar format. Offered in conjunction with WGS 275.

WGS 390 Gender Theory & Practice 3
This seminar-style course addresses key issues in gender theory and practice with an emphasis on intersectionality (race, class, gender, etc.) in local and global contexts. Two hours of course credit will integrate feminist and gender theory with each student's disciplinary skills and expertise through reading, presentaitons, and portfolio. Portfolio will examine personal and preofessional applications of gender theory in the future, connected to GC Core portfolio. One hour will be a student-defined project that can be individualized or collaborative, but will focus on addressing a specific gender issue in the community. Prerequisite: one WGS course or permission of instructor.

WGS 400 Advanced Readings 1 (1-3)
Individualized, self-guided study and research in areas not covered by current curriculum. Requirements include 1000 pages of reading and 5 pages of writing per credit hour, four meetings with supervisor, and final presentation. Prerequisite of two WGS courses and permission of instructor.

WGS 409 Advanced Practicum 1
An approved internship, work experience or service hours related to gender issues on campus or in the community. Requires 40 clock hours per credit hour. Weekly meeting with supervisor and final presentation. Prerequisite: two WGS courses and permission of instructor.

World Languages and Cultures courses

WLC 111 Indonesian I 4
Offered the term prior to Indonesia Study Service Term.

WLC 112 Indonesian II 4
Emphasis on basic communication skills in the target language and culture. Normally offered only on SST.

WLC 140 Elementary Swahili I 4
Offered in the term prior to Tanzania Study Service Term.

WLC 141 Elementary Swahili II 4
Emphasis on basic communication skills in the target language and culture. Normally offered only on SST.

WLC 150 Chinese I 4
Offered in the term prior to China Study Service Term.

WLC 151 Chinese II 4
Emphasis on basic communication skills in the target language and culture. Normally offered only on SST.